Paula Bricarello Liliana, Poltronieri Fabiana, Fernandes Ricardo, Retondario Anabelle, de Moraes Trindade Erasmo Benicio Santos, de Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes
Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Nutrition Course of Faculdade das Américas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Dec;28:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.003. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity, and arterial hypertension (AH) in adolescence is a public health problem worldwide. The aim of the article is to perform a systematic review looking to verify the effects of DASH diet on overweight/obesity and blood pressure (BP) in adolescents.
Systematic search of the literature conducted until March 2018. Five databases were investigated. We follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) Statement. The systematic review protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (CRD42016046968). Two reviewers examined 1005 abstracts. The risk of bias was assessed using STROBE or CONSORT.
Seven studies were eligible, three cross-sectional, two cohort and two randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Cross-sectional study found that a higher DASH score was associated with decreased body composition measurements; the other two did not find associations between DASH scores, body weight, and BP. Cohort studies found that the DASH diet resulted in lower levels of diastolic BP and lower body mass index gain over 10 years. One RCT showed that the DASH diet proved to be effective in improving systolic BP and another RCT observed a decrease in the prevalence of AH.
The DASH diet may have beneficial effects on the alterations of BP, overweight and obesity in adolescence. However, adherence to this dietary pattern is still low. It is believed that, in the future, dietary interventions based on DASH may be part of public policies to combat AH and overweight/obesity, since all age groups of the population can adopt this dietary pattern.
青少年中超重/肥胖以及动脉高血压（AH）的高患病率是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。本文的目的是进行一项系统综述，以验证得舒饮食（DASH饮食）对青少年超重/肥胖及血压（BP）的影响。
截至2018年3月对文献进行系统检索。共调查了五个数据库。我们遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明。该系统综述方案已记录在国际前瞻性注册系统（PROSPERO，注册号：CRD42016046968）中。两名评审员审查了1005篇摘要。使用加强流行病学观察性研究报告规范（STROBE）或随机对照试验报告规范（CONSORT）评估偏倚风险。
七项研究符合条件，其中三项为横断面研究，两项为队列研究，两项为随机临床试验（RCT）。横断面研究发现较高的得舒饮食评分与身体成分测量值降低相关；另外两项研究未发现得舒饮食评分、体重和血压之间存在关联。队列研究发现，得舒饮食可使舒张压水平降低，且在10年内体重指数增加幅度较小。一项随机对照试验表明得舒饮食在改善收缩压方面有效，另一项随机对照试验观察到动脉高血压患病率降低。
得舒饮食可能对青少年血压改变、超重和肥胖具有有益影响。然而，对这种饮食模式的依从性仍然较低。人们认为，未来基于得舒饮食的饮食干预可能会成为对抗动脉高血压和超重/肥胖的公共政策的一部分，因为所有年龄段的人群都可以采用这种饮食模式。
