Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Apr;42:173-179. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.001. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Childhood and adolescent obesity is one of the most important issues in the global health of the population and has been increasing dramatically in recent decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between overweight/obesity and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score in a representative sample of Brazilian adolescents.
Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a national school-based survey, were used. A total of 71,553 adolescents (12-17 years old), of both sexes, participated in the study; they had their anthropometric measurements taken and responded to a 24-h dietary recall. Eight food components of the DASH score were evaluated. 1) fruits (except fruit juices), 2) vegetables (except potatoes and beans), 3) pulses/nuts, 4) whole grains, 5) low-fat and diet/light dairy products, 6) sodium, 7) red and processed meats, and 8) sugary drinks and fruit juices. A higher score was indicative of greater accordance with the DASH diet, with a final score ranging from eight to 40 points. The association between overweight/obesity and the DASH score was assessed using Poisson regression models.
The highest prevalence of overweight/obesity was observed among boys aged 12-14 years (28.2%), white (27.7%), enrolled in private schools (32.4%) and among those who practiced ≥300 min physical activity/week (26.1%). The food groups most frequently consumed were sugary drinks, pulses and nuts, and red and processed meats. No association was found between overweight/obesity and the DASH diet score in Brazilian adolescents, in the adjusted analysis models.
Low consumption of foods considered protective and high consumption of health-risk foods, even among adolescents with greater accordance with the DASH diet, may have contributed to these findings. Public health measures are needed to prevent/reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescence, as it is a risk for overweight/obesity in adulthood as well as other complications, leading to loss of quality of life for the individual and increased health spending.
儿童和青少年肥胖是全球人口健康的最重要问题之一，近年来呈急剧上升趋势。本研究旨在评估超重/肥胖与高血压饮食防治法（DASH）饮食评分在巴西代表性青少年样本中的相关性。
使用全国性学校为基础的青少年心血管风险研究（ERICA）的数据。共有 71553 名 12-17 岁的男女青少年参与了这项研究，他们接受了体格测量并回答了 24 小时膳食回忆。评估了 DASH 饮食评分的 8 种食物成分。1）水果（果汁除外），2）蔬菜（土豆和豆类除外），3）豆类/坚果，4）全谷物，5）低脂和饮食/低脂乳制品，6）钠，7）红色和加工肉类，8）含糖饮料和果汁。得分越高表示与 DASH 饮食的一致性越大，最终得分范围为 8 至 40 分。使用泊松回归模型评估超重/肥胖与 DASH 评分之间的关系。
12-14 岁男孩（28.2%）、白种人（27.7%）、就读私立学校（32.4%）和每周进行≥300 分钟体育活动的青少年（26.1%）中超重/肥胖的比例最高。最常食用的食物组是含糖饮料、豆类和坚果以及红色和加工肉类。在调整后的分析模型中，巴西青少年超重/肥胖与 DASH 饮食评分之间没有关联。
即使在与 DASH 饮食更一致的青少年中，保护性食物的低消费和健康风险食物的高消费也可能导致了这些发现。需要采取公共卫生措施来预防/减少青少年超重/肥胖的发生率，因为这是成年后超重/肥胖以及其他并发症的风险，导致个人生活质量下降和卫生支出增加。
