Mlinotest d.d., Tovarniška cesta 14, SI-5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Groblje 3, SI-1230, Domžale, Slovenia.
Anaerobe. 2019 Feb;55:67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disease that is exponentially increasing in the western world, and diet is one of the possible ways to improve the metabolic status of patients. Barley beta glucans are dietary fibres that show promise for improvement cholesterol levels and postprandial glucose response, but they have been rarely investigated in human trials with concurrent focus on gut microbiota. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial was conducted with 43 volunteers with high risk for metabolic syndrome development or with diagnosed metabolic syndrome. During a four-week intervention study, participants consumed experimental bread containing 6 g of barley beta glucans or equal bread but without beta glucans. After dietary intervention, total plasma cholesterol decreased in the test group (-0.26 ± 0.54, p = 0.019), but not in the control group. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) composition in faeces significantly changed with increase of propionic acid in test group (43.2%, p = 0.045) and with decrease of acetic acid in control group (41.8%, p = 0.011). The microbiome analysis based on Illumina paired end sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed a decrease in microbial diversity and richness in the test group. The pre-intervention gut microbiota composition showed higher abundance of health associated Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia municiphila within cholesterol-responsive group, showing that diet-induced metabolic response is possibly dependent on individual gut microbiota composition.
代谢综合征是一种在西方世界呈指数级增长的复杂疾病，饮食是改善患者代谢状态的可能方法之一。大麦β-葡聚糖是膳食纤维，有望改善胆固醇水平和餐后血糖反应，但在同时关注肠道微生物群的人类试验中，它们很少被研究。一项双盲、安慰剂对照、随机临床试验招募了 43 名有代谢综合征发展高风险或已确诊代谢综合征的志愿者。在为期四周的干预研究中，参与者食用含有 6g 大麦 β-葡聚糖的实验面包或含有等量但不含 β-葡聚糖的面包。饮食干预后，试验组总血浆胆固醇降低（-0.26±0.54，p=0.019），但对照组没有。粪便中短链脂肪酸（SCFA）组成显著变化，试验组丙酸增加（43.2%，p=0.045），对照组乙酸减少（41.8%，p=0.011）。基于 16S rRNA 基因 Illumina 配对末端测序的微生物组分析显示，试验组微生物多样性和丰富度降低。干预前肠道微生物群组成显示胆固醇反应组中与健康相关的双歧杆菌属和阿克曼氏菌属的丰度更高，表明饮食诱导的代谢反应可能依赖于个体肠道微生物群组成。
