Yarahmadi Aref, Afkhami Hamed, Javadi Ali, Kashfi Mojtaba
Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024 Dec 23;16(1):308. doi: 10.1186/s13098-024-01561-z.
Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbiome-related factors. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining intestinal health, increasing mucus creation, helping the intestinal epithelium mend, and regulating short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. These tasks are vital for managing metabolism and maintaining energy balance. Dysbiosis-an imbalance in the microbiome-leads to increased appetite and the rise of metabolic disorders, both fuel obesity and its issues. Furthermore, childhood obesity connects with unique shifts in gut microbiota makeup. For instance, there is a surge in pro-inflammatory bacteria compared to children who are not obese. Considering the intricate nature and variety of the gut microbiota, additional investigations are necessary to clarify its exact involvement in the beginnings and advancement of obesity and related metabolic dilemmas. Currently, therapeutic methods like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary interventions like Mediterranean and ketogenic diets, and physical activity show potential in adjusting the gut microbiome to fight obesity and aid weight loss. Furthermore, the review underscores the integration of microbial metabolites with pharmacological agents such as orlistat and semaglutide in restoring microbial homeostasis. However, more clinical tests are essential to refine the doses, frequency, and lasting effectiveness of these treatments. This narrative overview compiles the existing knowledge on the multifaceted role of gut microbiota in obesity and much more, showcasing possible treatment strategies for addressing these health challenges.
肥胖是一种受遗传、环境和微生物群相关因素影响的多因素病症。肠道微生物群在维持肠道健康、增加黏液分泌、帮助肠道上皮修复以及调节短链脂肪酸（SCFA）生成方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这些功能对于管理新陈代谢和维持能量平衡至关重要。微生物群失调——微生物群的失衡——会导致食欲增加和代谢紊乱的出现，这两者都会助长肥胖及其相关问题。此外，儿童肥胖与肠道微生物群组成的独特变化有关。例如，与非肥胖儿童相比，促炎细菌会激增。鉴于肠道微生物群的复杂性和多样性，需要进一步研究以阐明其在肥胖症的发生和发展以及相关代谢问题中的确切作用。目前，益生菌、益生元、合生元、粪便微生物群移植（FMT）等治疗方法，以及地中海饮食和生酮饮食等饮食干预措施和体育活动，在调节肠道微生物群以对抗肥胖和帮助减肥方面显示出潜力。此外，该综述强调了将微生物代谢产物与奥利司他和司美格鲁肽等药物制剂相结合以恢复微生物稳态。然而，需要更多的临床试验来优化这些治疗方法的剂量、频率和长期疗效。这篇叙述性综述汇集了关于肠道微生物群在肥胖症及其他方面的多方面作用的现有知识，展示了应对这些健康挑战的可能治疗策略。
