Martin S F, Esser P R
Forschergruppe Allergologie, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany.
Allergol Select. 2017 Aug 4;1(1):77-84. doi: 10.5414/ALX01440E. eCollection 2017.
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a chemical-induced inflammatory skin disease. Contact allergens are low-molecular-weight chemicals that must react with proteins in order to become immunogenic. This interaction leads to the activation of innate immune and stress responses and to the formation of antigenic epitopes for T cells which are the effector cells of ACD. Due to the multitude of chemicals that surround us in our daily life and their potential sensitizing capacity, it is crucial to identify contact sensitizers before these chemicals are used in consumer products. Appropriate assays for hazard identification are urgently needed to replace animal-based assays. The EU-wide ban on sensitization testing of cosmetic ingredients in animals is in effect since March 2009 and the necessity to test more than 30,000 already marketed chemicals for their sensitizing potential under the EU regulation REACh has intensified the worldwide efforts to replace animal testing. We summarize here the current strategies to develop a battery of assays which allows the identification of contact allergens by alternatives to animal testing. Our main focus lies on the test systems recently developed within the EU project in which we participate.
过敏性接触性皮炎（ACD）是一种由化学物质诱发的炎症性皮肤病。接触性变应原是低分子量化学物质，它们必须与蛋白质发生反应才能具有免疫原性。这种相互作用会导致固有免疫和应激反应的激活，并形成T细胞的抗原表位，而T细胞是ACD的效应细胞。由于我们日常生活中周围存在大量化学物质及其潜在的致敏能力，在这些化学物质用于消费品之前识别接触性致敏剂至关重要。迫切需要合适的危害识别检测方法来替代基于动物的检测方法。自2009年3月起，欧盟全面禁止对化妆品成分进行动物致敏试验，并且根据欧盟《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》（REACh）对30000多种已上市化学品的致敏潜力进行检测的必要性，加大了全球范围内替代动物试验的努力。在此，我们总结了目前开发一系列检测方法的策略，这些方法能够通过替代动物试验来识别接触性变应原。我们主要关注我们参与的欧盟项目中最近开发的测试系统。
