The University of British, School of Engineering, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1 V 1 V7.
University of Victoria, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Analyst. 2018 Dec 17;144(1):87-113. doi: 10.1039/c8an01061g.
Several biomedical analyses are performed on particular types of cells present in body samples or using functionalized microparticles. Success in such analyses depends on the ability to separate or isolate the target cells or microparticles from the rest of the sample. In conventional procedures, multiple pieces of equipment, such as centrifuges, magnets, and macroscale filters, are used for such purposes, which are time-consuming, associated with human error, and require several operational steps. In the past two decades, there has been a tendency to develop microfluidic techniques, so-called lab-on-a-chip, to miniaturize and automate these procedures. The processes used for the separation and isolation of the cells and microparticles are scaled down into a small microfluidic chip, requiring very small amounts of sample. Differences in the physical and biological properties of the target cells from the other components present in the sample are the key to the development of such microfluidic techniques. These techniques are categorized as filtration-, hydrodynamic-, dielectrophoretic-, acoustic- and magnetic-based methods. Here we review the microfluidic techniques developed for sorting, separation, and isolation of cells and microparticles for biomedical applications. The mechanisms behind such techniques are thoroughly explained and the applications in which these techniques have been adopted are reviewed.
几种生物医学分析是在体样本中存在的特定类型的细胞上或使用功能化的微粒子上进行的。这些分析的成功取决于从样本的其余部分分离或隔离目标细胞或微粒子的能力。在常规程序中，为了达到这样的目的，需要使用多种设备，如离心机、磁铁和宏观过滤器，这些设备既耗时，又容易出错，而且需要多个操作步骤。在过去的二十年中，已经出现了一种倾向，即用所谓的微流控芯片来微型化和自动化这些程序，开发微流控技术。用于分离和隔离细胞和微粒子的过程被缩小到一个小的微流控芯片中，只需要非常少量的样本。目标细胞与样本中存在的其他成分的物理和生物学特性的差异是开发这种微流控技术的关键。这些技术被归类为基于过滤、流体动力、介电泳、声和磁的方法。在这里，我们回顾了为生物医学应用开发的用于细胞和微粒子的分选、分离和隔离的微流控技术。这些技术背后的机制得到了透彻的解释，并回顾了这些技术在哪些应用中得到了采用。
