Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Nov 7;12(11):e0006895. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006895. eCollection 2018 Nov.
The Togavirus (Alphavirus) Mayaro virus (MAYV) was initially described in 1954 from Mayaro County (Trinidad) and has been responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. Imported MAYV cases are on the rise, leading to invasion concerns similar to Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Little is known about the range of mosquito species that are competent MAYV vectors. We tested vector competence of 2 MAYV genotypes in laboratory strains of six mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles freeborni, An. gambiae, An. quadrimaculatus, An. stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were poor MAYV vectors, and had either poor or null infection and transmission rates at the tested viral challenge titers. In contrast, all Anopheles species were able to transmit MAYV, and 3 of the 4 species transmitted both genotypes. The Anopheles species tested are divergent and native to widely separated geographic regions (Africa, Asia, North America), suggesting that Anopheles may be important in the invasion and spread of MAYV across diverse regions of the world.
披膜病毒科（甲病毒属）中的马亚罗病毒（MAYV）最初于 1954 年在特立尼达的马亚罗县（Mayaro County）被描述，此后一直引发南美洲和加勒比地区的疫情。输入性 MAYV 病例不断增加，引发了类似于基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒的入侵担忧。关于能够传播 MAYV 的蚊子种类范围，我们知之甚少。我们在实验室条件下，用 6 种蚊子的实验室品系（埃及伊蚊、自由伯氏疟原蚊、冈比亚按蚊、三带喙库蚊、斯蒂芬斯氏按蚊、致倦库蚊）对 2 种 MAYV 基因型的媒介效能进行了测试。埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊是低效的 MAYV 传播媒介，在测试的病毒挑战滴度下，它们的感染和传播率要么很低，要么为零。相比之下，所有的按蚊种都能够传播 MAYV，其中 4 种中的 3 种能够传播这两种基因型。所测试的按蚊种是有差异的，并且原产于广泛分离的地理区域（非洲、亚洲、北美洲），这表明按蚊可能在 MAYV 在世界不同地区的入侵和传播中发挥重要作用。
