Department of Health, VIVE-The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 7;13(11):e0205662. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205662. eCollection 2018.
The Parental Stress Scale (PSS) was developed as a short measure of perceived stress resulting from being a parent. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Danish version in a sample of 1110 mothers of children aged 0 to 12 months using Rasch models. Emphasis was placed on the issues of uni-dimensionality and absence of differential item functioning relative to the age and educational level of the mothers. Results showed that no adequate fit could be established for the full PSS scale with 18 dichotomized items. Further analyses showed that items 2 and 11 had to be eliminated from the scale, and that the remaining items did not make up a unidimensional PSS scale, but two subscales measuring different aspect of parental stress: a 9-item scale measuring parental stress and a 7-item scale measuring lack of parental satisfaction. Fit to the Rasch model could not be established for any of the two subscales. For the parental stress subscale, we found evidence of local dependence for four item pairs (3 and 4, 9 and 10, 10 and 16, 12 and 16), as well as evidence of two items functioning differentially: item 16 relative to level of education, and item 3 relative to both age and educational level. For the lack of parental satisfaction subscale, we found evidence of local dependence between some two pairs (1 and 17, 17 and 18), but no evidence of differential item functioning. Both subscales fit graphical loglinear Rasch models adjusting for local dependence and differential item functioning. Plotting the adjusted subscale scores against one another showed that the two-scale solution provides additional information, as some mothers are stressed but not lacking in parental satisfaction.
父母压力量表（PSS）是作为衡量为人父母者感知压力的一种简短工具而开发的。本研究使用 Rasch 模型，在 1110 名 0 至 12 个月大的儿童的母亲样本中，检验了丹麦语版的心理测量特性。重点是量表的单维性和相对于母亲的年龄和教育水平的无差异项目功能缺失问题。结果表明，18 项二分制项目的完整 PSS 量表无法达到适当的拟合。进一步的分析表明，必须从量表中删除项目 2 和 11，并且剩余的项目不能构成单维的 PSS 量表，而是两个测量父母压力不同方面的子量表：一个 9 项测量父母压力的量表和一个 7 项测量父母满意度不足的量表。两个子量表都无法建立对 Rasch 模型的拟合。对于父母压力子量表，我们发现了四个项目对（3 和 4、9 和 10、10 和 16、12 和 16）存在局部依赖的证据，以及两个项目具有不同功能的证据：项目 16 相对于教育水平，以及项目 3 相对于年龄和教育水平。对于父母满意度不足的子量表，我们发现了一些两个对子（1 和 17、17 和 18）之间存在局部依赖的证据，但没有发现差异项目功能缺失的证据。两个子量表都符合调整了局部依赖和差异项目功能缺失的图形对数线性 Rasch 模型。将调整后的子量表分数相互比较表明，两尺度解决方案提供了额外的信息，因为有些母亲感到压力但并不缺乏父母满意度。
