Donev Evgeniy, Gandla Madhavi Latha, Jönsson Leif J, Mellerowicz Ewa J
Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Oct 23;9:1537. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01537. eCollection 2018.
Non-cellulosic polysaccharides constitute approximately one third of usable woody biomass for human exploitation. In contrast to cellulose, these substances are composed of several different types of unit monosaccharides and their backbones are substituted by various groups. Their structural diversity and recent examples of their modification in transgenic plants and mutants suggest they can be targeted for improving wood-processing properties, thereby facilitating conversion of wood in a biorefinery setting. Critical knowledge on their structure-function relationship is slowly emerging, although our understanding of molecular interactions responsible for observed phenomena is still incomplete. This review: (1) provides an overview of structural features of major non-cellulosic polysaccharides of wood, (2) describes the fate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides during biorefinery processing, (3) shows how the non-cellulosic polysaccharides impact lignocellulose processing focused on yields of either sugars or polymers, and (4) discusses outlooks for the improvement of tree species for biorefinery by modifying the structure of non-cellulosic polysaccharides.
非纤维素多糖约占可供人类开发利用的木质生物质的三分之一。与纤维素不同，这些物质由几种不同类型的单元单糖组成，其主链被各种基团取代。它们的结构多样性以及最近在转基因植物和突变体中对其进行修饰的例子表明，可以针对它们来改善木材加工性能，从而在生物精炼环境中促进木材的转化。尽管我们对导致观察到的现象的分子相互作用的理解仍然不完整，但关于它们结构 - 功能关系的关键知识正在慢慢浮现。本综述：（1）概述木材主要非纤维素多糖的结构特征，（2）描述生物精炼过程中非纤维素多糖的去向，（3）展示非纤维素多糖如何影响木质纤维素加工，重点关注糖或聚合物的产量，以及（4）讨论通过修饰非纤维素多糖的结构来改良用于生物精炼的树种的前景。
