Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.
Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.
J Healthc Eng. 2018 Oct 14;2018:2986742. doi: 10.1155/2018/2986742. eCollection 2018.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common nosocomial infections and can lead to numerous medical complications from the mild catheter encrustation and bladder stones to the severe septicaemia, endotoxic shock, and pyelonephritis. Catheters are one of the most commonly used medical devices in the world and can be characterised as either indwelling (ID) or intermittent catheters (IC). The primary challenges in the use of IDs are biofilm formation and encrustation. ICs are increasingly seen as a solution to the complications caused by IDs as ICs pose no risk of biofilm formation due to their short time in the body and a lower risk of bladder stone formation. Research on IDs has focused on the use of antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds, while research on ICs has focused on preventing bacteria entering the urinary tract or coming into contact with the catheter. There is an urgent need for urinary tract models to facilitate faster research and development for CAUTI prevention. There are currently three urinary tract models that test IDs; however, there is only a single very limited model for testing ICs. There is currently no standardised urinary tract model to test the efficacies of ICs.
导管相关尿路感染（CAUTIs）是最常见的医院获得性感染之一，可导致多种医疗并发症，从轻症的导管结垢和膀胱结石到重症的败血症、内毒素休克和肾盂肾炎不等。导管是世界上使用最广泛的医疗器械之一，可以分为留置导管（ID）和间歇性导管（IC）。ID 使用的主要挑战是生物膜形成和结垢。IC 被越来越多地视为解决 ID 引起的并发症的方法，因为由于其在体内的时间短，IC 不会形成生物膜，膀胱结石形成的风险也较低。对 ID 的研究侧重于使用抗菌和抗生物膜化合物，而对 IC 的研究则侧重于防止细菌进入泌尿道或与导管接触。迫切需要尿路模型来促进 CAUTI 预防的更快研究和开发。目前有三种用于测试 ID 的尿路模型；然而，用于测试 IC 的模型却只有一个非常有限的模型。目前还没有标准化的用于测试 IC 功效的尿路模型。
