Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad 211012, India.
Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad 211012, India.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Feb 1;231:734-748. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.104. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
The continuous increase in water pollution by various organic & inorganic contaminants has become a major issue of concern worldwide. Furthermore, the anthropogenic activities for the manufacturing of various products have boosted this problem manifold. To overcome this serious issue, nanotechnology has initiated to explore various proficient strategies to treat waste water in a more precise and accurate way with the support of various nanomaterials. In recent times, nanosized materials have proved their applicability to provide clean and affordable water treatment technologies. The exclusive features such as high surface area and mechanical properties, greater chemical reactivity, lower cost and energy, efficient regeneration for reuse allow the nanomaterials perfect for water remediation. But the conventional routes of synthesis of nanomaterials encompass the involvement of hazardous and volatile chemicals; therefore the use of nanomaterials further creates the secondary pollution. This issue has intrigued the scientists to develop biogenic pathways and procedures which are environmentally safer and inexpensive. It has led to the new trends that involve developing bio-inspired nano-scale adsorbents and catalysts for the removal and degradation of a wide range of water pollutants. Carbohydrates, proteins, polymers, flavonoids, alkaloids and several antioxidants obtained from plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae have proven their effectiveness as capping and stabilizing agents during manufacture of nanomaterials. Application of biogenic nanomaterials for waste water treatment is relatively newer but rapidly escalating area of research. In the present review, promises and challenges for the synthesis of various biogenic nanomaterials and their potential applications in waste water treatment and/or water purification have been discussed.
各种有机和无机污染物对水污染的持续增加已成为全世界关注的主要问题。此外，为制造各种产品而进行的人为活动使这个问题成倍增加。为了克服这个严重的问题，纳米技术已经开始探索各种有效的策略，以更精确和准确的方式处理废水，同时借助各种纳米材料。近年来，纳米材料已被证明适用于提供清洁且经济实惠的水处理技术。其独特的特性，如高比表面积和机械性能、更高的化学反应性、更低的成本和能源、高效的再生可重复使用，使纳米材料非常适合水修复。但是，纳米材料的常规合成途径涉及使用危险和易挥发的化学物质；因此，纳米材料的使用进一步造成了二次污染。这个问题引起了科学家们的兴趣，他们开始开发生物成因途径和程序，这些途径和程序在环境上更安全且廉价。这导致了新的趋势，涉及开发仿生纳米级吸附剂和催化剂，以去除和降解各种水污染物。从植物、细菌、真菌和藻类中获得的碳水化合物、蛋白质、聚合物、类黄酮、生物碱和几种抗氧化剂已被证明在制造纳米材料时作为封端和稳定剂非常有效。生物成因纳米材料在废水处理中的应用相对较新，但却是一个快速发展的研究领域。在本综述中，讨论了各种生物成因纳米材料的合成及其在废水处理和/或水净化方面的潜在应用的前景和挑战。
