Institute of Population Research/WHO Collaborating Center on Reproductive Health and Population Science, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
Institute of Population Research/WHO Collaborating Center on Reproductive Health and Population Science, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Feb;64(2):250-257. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.021. Epub 2018 Nov 6.
To investigate the 29-year (1985-2014) trends in body dimensions and physical fitness test performances among 12-year-old Chinese children living in urban and rural areas.
The data were from the findings of seven cross-sectional surveys from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. In the seven surveys, there were 34,238; 11,664; 17,485; 18,057; 19,254; 17,962; and 17,906 children, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and physical fitness performances of 12-year-old Chinese children living in rural and urban areas were analyzed. Polynomial models were used to analyze trends in test performances. Analysis of variance was used to assess the urban-rural differentials.
The height and weight of both urban and rural children substantially increased from 1985 to 2014. Urban children were taller and heavier than rural children. A slight narrowing of the urban-rural differential in height was observed. The disparity in weight increased from 1985 to 2000 and decreased thereafter. Urban children performed better in most of the physical fitness tests examined, such as standing long jump, 50-m run, and sit-ups. The urban-rural disparity decreased from 1985 to 2014 in 50-m run, standing long jump, and sit-up score; the largest difference in 10 × 50 m run and pull-up score was observed in 2000 and 2005, respectively.
There was a general decline in physical fitness in both urban and rural children after 2000. Urgent, targeted actions need to be taken by public health policy officials and parents to maintain or improve the physical fitness of children.
调查 1985 年至 2014 年间生活在城乡的 12 岁中国儿童的身体维度和体能测试表现 29 年的变化趋势。
数据来自中国学生体质与健康调研的 7 项横断面调查结果。这 7 项调查分别有 34238、11664、17485、18057、19254、17962 和 17906 名 12 岁儿童。分析了城乡 12 岁儿童的人体测量指标和体能测试表现。采用多项式模型分析测试表现的趋势。采用方差分析评估城乡差异。
城乡儿童的身高和体重从 1985 年到 2014 年都有显著增加。城市儿童比农村儿童更高更重。身高的城乡差异略有缩小。体重的差距从 1985 年到 2000 年增加，此后有所下降。城市儿童在大多数体能测试中表现更好，如立定跳远、50 米跑和仰卧起坐。50 米跑、立定跳远和仰卧起坐成绩的城乡差异从 1985 年到 2014 年逐渐缩小；10×50 米跑和引体向上成绩的城乡差异最大，分别出现在 2000 年和 2005 年。
2000 年后，城乡儿童的体能普遍下降。公共卫生政策制定者和家长需要采取紧急、有针对性的行动，以维持或提高儿童的体能。
