The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Department of Oral Implantology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Aug;23(8):3219-3227. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2736-z. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
The host-material interface has been a crucial relationship dictating the successful integration of biomaterials, including dental implants. The aim of the present study was to first investigate how macrophages behaved on various dental implant surfaces and thereafter to investigate their effect on soft tissue cells.
Macrophage adhesion, proliferation, and polarization towards either an M1 or M2 phenotype were investigated on six implant surfaces fabricated from pure titanium (Ti), pure zirconium (ZLA), and a titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zi) alloy of various surface topographies/chemistries. Thereafter, conditioned media (CM) collected from macrophages seeded on these various implant surfaces was cultured with murine gingival fibroblasts and investigated for their ability to promote collagen synthesis.
Macrophages attached and proliferated in similar levels on all implant surfaces; however, the modSLA hydrophilic surfaces tended to decrease the pro-inflammatory response by lowering the gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 and promoting tissue resolution through the expression of an M2-macrophage cytokine IL-10. Thereafter, CM from macrophages were seeded with gingival fibroblasts on each implant surface. In general, CM from macrophages significantly promoted gingival fibroblast cell attachment on all implant surfaces at either 4 or 8 h and, most notably, significantly promoted fibronectin and TGF-beta gene expression on both Ti and Ti-Zi hydrophilic surfaces.
The present study found that implant surface topography and chemistry substantially impacted macrophage behavior. Most notably, modifications via hydrophilicity to both the pure Ti and Ti-Zi were shown to favor the secretion of macrophage pro-resolution markers and favored subsequent gingival fibroblast cell behavior when cultured with CM, whereas surface composition (Ti vs ZLA vs Ti-Zi) had little effect on macrophage polarization or gingival fibroblast behavior. This finding suggests that surface hydrophilicity would improve the soft tissue integration of dental implants, irrespective of material composition.
宿主材料界面一直是决定生物材料（包括牙科植入物）成功整合的关键关系。本研究的目的首先是研究巨噬细胞在各种牙科植入物表面的行为，然后研究它们对软组织细胞的影响。
在从纯钛（Ti）、纯锆（ZLA）和各种表面形貌/化学的钛锆（Ti-Zi）合金制成的六种植入物表面上，研究巨噬细胞的粘附、增殖和向 M1 或 M2 表型的极化。此后，将在这些各种植入物表面上接种的巨噬细胞收集的条件培养基（CM）与鼠牙龈成纤维细胞共培养，并研究其促进胶原蛋白合成的能力。
巨噬细胞在所有植入物表面的附着和增殖水平相似；然而，modSLA 亲水表面通过降低 TNF-α、IL-1 和 IL-6 的基因表达以及通过表达 M2 巨噬细胞细胞因子 IL-10 促进组织分辨率，从而降低促炎反应。此后，将巨噬细胞 CM 接种在每种植入物表面的牙龈成纤维细胞上。通常，CM 从巨噬细胞在所有植入物表面上在 4 或 8 小时显著促进牙龈成纤维细胞的细胞附着，最显著的是，在 Ti 和 Ti-Zi 亲水表面上显著促进纤连蛋白和 TGF-β基因表达。
本研究发现，植入物表面形貌和化学对巨噬细胞行为有很大影响。最值得注意的是，通过亲水改性对纯 Ti 和 Ti-Zi 的改性被证明有利于巨噬细胞促解决标记物的分泌，并在与 CM 共培养时有利于随后的牙龈成纤维细胞行为，而表面成分（Ti 与 ZLA 与 Ti-Zi）对巨噬细胞极化或牙龈成纤维细胞行为几乎没有影响。这一发现表明，无论材料组成如何，表面亲水性都将改善牙科植入物的软组织整合。
