UGC Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Poniente, El Ejido, Almería, España.
UGC Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Poniente, El Ejido, Almería, España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2019 Mar 15;152(6):229-236. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.09.008. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an effective and safe method for nutritional support in patients with malnutrition and impossibility of oral intake with an estimated survival higher than the months that require enteral nutrition beyond four weeks. The main indications include neoplasms of the upper air-digestive tract and neurological diseases, with dementia currently considered a controversial indication. Anatomical alterations and infectious diseases are the most frequent contraindications. There are different endoscopic techniques; the most widely used being the "pull" method, with a low mortality. Complications are more frequent in patients with multiple pathologies and the elderly. Wound infection, extraction of the tube, tube blockage and bronchoaspiratory pneumonia are the most prevalent complications. Adequate prior preparation of the patient and exhaustive maintenance of the tube can reduce the appearance of these.
经皮内镜胃造口术（PEG）是一种有效的安全方法，适用于营养不良且无法口服摄入的患者，预计生存期超过需要肠内营养超过四周的时间。主要适应证包括上呼吸道-消化道肿瘤和神经疾病，目前痴呆被认为是一个有争议的适应证。解剖改变和传染病是最常见的禁忌证。有不同的内镜技术；最常用的是“拉”法，其死亡率较低。并发症在患有多种疾病和老年患者中更为常见。伤口感染、管拔出、管堵塞和支气管肺炎是最常见的并发症。充分的患者术前准备和彻底的管维护可以减少这些并发症的发生。
