Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 14;13(11):e0206604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206604. eCollection 2018.
Moral psychology has relied nearly exclusively on text stimuli in the development and testing of theories. However, text stimuli lack the rich variety of morally-relevant social and contextual cues available in everyday interactions. A consequence of this pervasive ecological invalidity may be that moral psychological theories are mischaracterized by an overreliance on cue-impoverished moral stimuli. We address this limitation by developing a cue-rich Moral and Affective Film Set (MAAFS). We crowd-sourced videos of moral behaviours, using previously validated text stimuli and definitions of moral foundations as a guide for content. Crowd-sourced clips were rated by 322 American and 253 Australian participants on a range of moral and affective dimensions, including wrongness, moral foundation relevance, punishment, arousal, discrete emotion-relevance, clarity, previous exposure, and how weird/uncommon the moral acts were. The final stimulus set contained sixty nine moral videos. Ratings confirmed that the videos are reliably rated as morally wrong and feature a variety of moral concerns. The validation process revealed features that make the MAAFS useful for future research: (1) the MAAFS includes a range of videos that depict everyday transgressions, (2) certain videos evoke negative emotions at an intensity comparable to mood induction films, (3) the videos are largely novel: participants had never seen more than 90% of the videos. We anticipate the MAAFS will be a particularly valuable tool for researchers in moral psychology who seek to study morality in scenarios that approximate real-life. However, the MAAFS may be valuable for other fields of psychology, for example, affective scientists may use these videos as a mood induction procedure. The complete stimulus set, links to videos, and normative statistics can be accessed at osf.io/8w3en.
道德心理学在理论的发展和检验中几乎完全依赖于文本刺激。然而，文本刺激缺乏日常生活互动中丰富多样的与道德相关的社会和情境线索。这种普遍的生态无效性的后果可能是，道德心理学理论被过度依赖于缺乏线索的道德刺激所扭曲。为了解决这一局限性，我们开发了一个具有丰富线索的道德和情感电影集（MAAFS）。我们使用先前验证过的文本刺激和道德基础的定义，通过众包的方式收集道德行为的视频，作为内容的指南。众包剪辑由 322 名美国人和 253 名澳大利亚人在一系列道德和情感维度上进行评分，包括错误、道德基础相关性、惩罚、唤醒、离散情绪相关性、清晰度、先前暴露度，以及道德行为的怪异/罕见程度。最终的刺激集包含 69 个道德视频。评分结果证实，这些视频被可靠地评为道德上错误的，并具有各种道德关注点。验证过程揭示了一些使 MAAFS 对未来研究有用的特征：（1）MAAFS 包含一系列描绘日常违规行为的视频；（2）某些视频引发的负面情绪强度与情绪诱导电影相当；（3）这些视频在很大程度上是新颖的：参与者从未看过超过 90%的视频。我们预计 MAAFS 将成为道德心理学研究人员的一个特别有价值的工具，他们希望在更接近现实生活的场景中研究道德。然而，MAAFS 可能对其他心理学领域也有价值，例如，情感科学家可能将这些视频用作情绪诱导程序。完整的刺激集、视频链接和规范统计数据可在 osf.io/8w3en 上获取。
