Hayes R B
Occupational Studies Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Sci Total Environ. 1988 Jun 1;71(3):331-9. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(88)90205-7.
Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between cancer risk and employment in chromium producing and using industries. Strong and consistent associations have been found between employment in the primary chemical producing industry and the risk for respiratory cancer. Workers employed in chromate pigment production and possibly spray painters of chromate pigment paints appear to be at excess risk of respiratory cancer. Chrome platers may also be at excess risk, although the evidence is limited. A few studies indicate that chromium alloy welding may also be an exposure source of concern. Some studies of ferrochromium alloy workers have shown an excess risk for respiratory cancer, although the risk may in part be due to concomitant exposures. The evidence indicates that the hexavalent form of chromium is the primary agent of chromium carcinogenesis. Solubility and other characteristics of chromium compounds may also play a role in determining risk.
多项流行病学研究调查了铬生产和使用行业的就业情况与癌症风险之间的关联。在初级化学品生产行业的就业与呼吸道癌症风险之间发现了强烈且一致的关联。从事铬酸盐颜料生产的工人以及可能从事铬酸盐颜料漆喷涂工作的工人似乎患呼吸道癌症的风险更高。镀铬工人也可能面临更高风险，尽管证据有限。一些研究表明，铬合金焊接也可能是一个值得关注的暴露源。对铬铁合金工人的一些研究显示患呼吸道癌症的风险更高，尽管这种风险可能部分归因于同时存在的其他暴露因素。证据表明，铬的六价形式是铬致癌的主要因素。铬化合物的溶解度和其他特性在确定风险方面也可能起作用。
