Ahuja Manik, Cunningham-Williams Renee, Werner Kimberly B, Bucholz Kathleen K
Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
Missouri Institute of Meental Health, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, USA.
J Subst Abus Alcohol. 2018;6(3). Epub 2018 Oct 16.
In the current research, we examined the association of key risk and protective factors for gambling involvement from the domains of family environment, conduct problems/delinquency, substance use, and depressive psychopathology in a nationally representative sample. The sample was comprised of 13,291 young adults (ages 18-26; Meanage = 22.8) self-identifying as European American (n=9,939) or African American (n=3,335) who participated in Wave III (n = 15,170) of the restricted-use National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used separate logistic regressions to study participation in specific gam bling categories (lottery games, casino-type games, other games). Childhood neglect, physical discipline, and current alcohol use was associated across each of the three gam bling categories. Our results also revealed differences between European American and African American subjects. Current cannabis use was associated with all three categories among African Americans, while current cigarette use was associated among European Americans for lottery games, and depression (female) was associated with other games. We also applied multinomial logistic regression to study gambling involvement based on the number of gam bling categories that the participant engaged in 2 or more (referent), only 1, or none at all. Our results revealed that delinquency/conduct symptoms (AOR=0.83) along with cannabis use (African American; AOR =0.66), cigarette use (European American; AOR =0.83), current alcohol use (AOR=0.66) were associated with gambling in two categories vs. gambling in one category. Childhood physical discipline (AOR=0.75) and childhood neglect (AOR=0.75) were associated with gam bling in two categories vs. no gambling. Further are needed to investigate the developmental pathways leading to increased gam bling involvement among African American and European American adolescents and young adults.
在当前的研究中，我们在一个具有全国代表性的样本中，考察了来自家庭环境、行为问题/犯罪、物质使用和抑郁精神病理学领域的赌博参与关键风险因素与保护因素之间的关联。该样本由13291名18至26岁的年轻人（平均年龄 = 22.8岁）组成，他们自我认定为欧洲裔美国人（n = 9939）或非裔美国人（n = 3335），参与了仅限特定用途的青少年到成人健康全国纵向研究的第三波调查（n = 15170）。我们使用单独的逻辑回归来研究参与特定赌博类别的情况（彩票游戏、赌场类游戏、其他游戏）。童年期忽视、体罚和当前饮酒与所有这三类赌博都有关联。我们的研究结果还揭示了欧洲裔美国人和非裔美国人受试者之间的差异。当前使用大麻与非裔美国人的所有三类赌博都有关联，而当前吸烟与欧洲裔美国人的彩票游戏有关联，并且抑郁（女性）与其他游戏有关联。我们还应用多项逻辑回归，根据参与者参与的赌博类别数量（2种或更多（参照组）、仅1种或完全不参与）来研究赌博参与情况。我们的研究结果显示，犯罪/行为症状（优势比 = 0.83）以及使用大麻（非裔美国人；优势比 = 0.66）、吸烟（欧洲裔美国人；优势比 = 0.83）、当前饮酒（优势比 = 0.66）与参与两类赌博而非一类赌博有关。童年期体罚（优势比 = 0.75）和童年期忽视（优势比 = 0.75）与参与两类赌博而非不赌博有关。还需要进一步研究导致非裔美国人和欧洲裔美国青少年及年轻人赌博参与增加的发展途径。
