GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of the volatile constituents of and their biological activities and their differentiation using multivariate data analysis.

The volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of and (Malvaceae) were characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 92 compounds were identified. The major component of leaves was -farnesene (34.57%) while in the flowers it was -heptacosane (29.5%). (8, 11, 14Z)-heptadecatrienal (21.2%) in the leaves and palmitic acid (83.49%) in the flowers represent the abundant ingredients of . Unsupervised pattern recognition techniques of multivariate data analysis exemplified by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principle component analysis (PCA) relying upon chromatographic results effectively discriminate the two related species. Also, both investigated species were assessed for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial efficacy. Results revealed that flowers showed the highest cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines with IC equals 7.98 μg/mL, whereas leaves exhibited the highest antimicrobial potency against all tested microorganisms namely , as well as and (MICs between 0.98 and 15.63 µg/mL) except for .