Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Dermatology Department, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society (EWDVS), Vigo, Spain.
Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Feb 1;174:110-125. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 7.
Candida species, including C. albicans, are part of the mucosal flora of most healthy women, and inhabit the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Under favourable conditions, they can colonize the vulvovaginal mucosa, giving rise to symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The mechanism by which Candida spp. produces inflammation is unknown. Both, the blastoconidia and the pseudohyphae are capable of destroying the vaginal epithelium by direct invasion. Although the symptoms are not always related to the fungal burden, in general, VVC is associated with a greater number of yeasts and pseudohyphae. Some years ago, C. albicans was the species most frequently involved in the different forms of VVC. However, infections by different species have emerged during the last two decades producing an increase in causative species of VVC such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. Candida species are pathogenic organisms that have two forms of development: planktonic and biofilm. A biofilm is defined as a community of microorganisms attached to a surface and encompassed by an extracellular matrix. This form of presentation gives microorganisms greater resistance to antifungal agents. This review, about Candia spp. with a special emphasis on Candida albicans discusses specific areas such as biofilm structure and development, cell morphology and biofilm formation, biofilm-associated gene expression, the cell surface and adherence, the extracellular matrix, biofilm metabolism, and biofilm drug resistance in vulvovaginitis biofilms as an important virulence factor in fungi.
念珠菌属物种，包括白念珠菌，是大多数健康女性黏膜菌群的一部分，栖息在胃肠道和泌尿生殖道。在有利条件下，它们可以定植于外阴阴道黏膜，引起有症状的外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）。念珠菌属产生炎症的机制尚不清楚。芽生孢子和假菌丝都能够通过直接侵袭破坏阴道上皮。尽管症状并不总是与真菌负荷有关，但一般来说，VVC 与更多的酵母和假菌丝有关。几年前，白念珠菌是最常涉及不同形式 VVC 的物种。然而，在过去二十年中，不同物种的感染已经出现，导致 VVC 的致病物种增加，如光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌和热带念珠菌。念珠菌属是致病性生物体，有两种发育形式：浮游和生物膜。生物膜被定义为附着在表面上并被细胞外基质包围的微生物群落。这种表现形式使微生物对抗真菌药物具有更大的抵抗力。本文综述了念珠菌属，特别强调了白念珠菌，讨论了生物膜的结构和发育、细胞形态和生物膜形成、生物膜相关基因表达、细胞表面和黏附、细胞外基质、生物膜代谢以及生物膜耐药性等特定领域，这些都是真菌中重要的毒力因素。
