State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2018 Nov 20;45(11):603-612. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.10.002. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
Breeding is the art and science of selecting and changing crop traits for the benefit of human beings. For several decades, tremendous efforts have been made by Chinese scientists in rice breeding in improving grain yield, nutrition quality, and environmental performance, achieving substantial progress for global food security. Several generations of crop breeding technologies have been developed, for example, selection of better performance in the field among variants (conventional breeding), application of molecular markers for precise selection (molecular marker assisted breeding), and development of molecular design (molecular breeding by rational design). In this review, we briefly summarize the advances in conventional breeding, functional genomics for genes and networks in rice that regulate important agronomic traits, and molecular breeding in China with focuses on high yield, good quality, stress tolerance, and high nutrient-use efficiency. These findings have paved a new avenue for rational design of crops to develop ideal varieties with super performance and productivity.
培育是一门艺术和科学，旨在通过选择和改变作物特性，造福人类。几十年来，中国科学家在水稻培育方面做出了巨大努力，在提高粮食产量、营养质量和环境性能方面取得了实质性进展，为全球粮食安全做出了贡献。已经开发了几代作物培育技术，例如在变种中选择更好的田间性能（常规培育）、应用分子标记进行精确选择（分子标记辅助培育）和开发分子设计（通过合理设计的分子培育）。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了中国在常规培育、调控水稻重要农艺性状的基因和网络的功能基因组学以及分子培育方面的进展，重点介绍了高产、优质、耐逆和高养分利用效率。这些发现为作物的合理设计开辟了一条新途径，以开发具有超性能和生产力的理想品种。
