López-Fernández Jorge, Sánchez-Sánchez Javier, Rodríguez-Cañamero Sergio, Ubago-Guisado Esther, Colino Enrique, Gallardo Leonor
University of Castilla-La Mancha, IGOID Research Group. Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
European University, School of Sport Science. C/ Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Biol Sport. 2018 Sep;35(3):291-299. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.77829. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of game surface and pitch size on the physiological responses, jump performance and perceptions of sub-elite female soccer players playing four-a-side games. Sixteen sub-elite female soccer players were divided into four groups of four players each. Three small-sided games (SSGs; pitch size: 400 m, 600 m and 800 m) were played on three surfaces (dirt [DT], artificial turf [AT] and natural grass [NG]). Players' heart rate (HR) was monitored during each game. Before and after each SSG, participants performed two counter-movement jumps (CMJs) and answered a questionnaire based on visual analogue scales (VASs) to indicate their perception of the effort required on each surface. DT obtained lower outputs for most variables. In the SSG 600 mean HR was higher on NG than AT (+3.31 %HR; = 0.029), but players' overall satisfaction with both surfaces was similar (>0.05). The SSG 400 received the lowest ratings for most variables, whereas the SSG 600 resulted in higher mean HR than SSG 800 [NG (+9.14 b.p.m.; = 0.001); AT (+7.32 b.p.m.; = 0.014)]. No surface differences in CMJ performance were found. In conclusion, a higher internal load can be achieved on NG, whereas DT is not recommended for playing soccer. Moreover, the internal load on players in SSGs can be controlled by manipulating pitch size, but over-large pitches may entail a reduction in the physiological profile of female soccer players.
本研究旨在评估比赛场地表面和球场尺寸对参加四人制比赛的次精英级别女子足球运动员生理反应、跳跃表现及感受的影响。16名次精英级别女子足球运动员被分成四组，每组四人。在三种场地表面（ dirt [DT]、人造草皮 [AT] 和天然草坪 [NG]）上进行了三场小型比赛（SSGs；球场尺寸：400米、600米和800米）。在每场比赛期间监测球员的心率（HR）。在每场SSG之前和之后，参与者进行两次纵跳（CMJs），并根据视觉模拟量表（VASs）回答一份问卷，以表明她们对每个场地表面所需努力的感受。对于大多数变量，DT的输出较低。在SSG 600中，NG上的平均心率高于AT（高3.31%HR；P = 0.029），但球员对这两种场地表面的总体满意度相似（P>0.05）。SSG 400在大多数变量上得到的评分最低，而SSG 600的平均心率高于SSG 800 [NG（高9.14次/分钟；P = 0.001）；AT（高7.32次/分钟；P = 0.014）]。未发现纵跳表现存在场地表面差异。总之，在NG上可以实现更高的内部负荷，而不建议在DT上进行足球比赛。此外，通过调整球场尺寸可以控制SSGs中球员的内部负荷，但过大的球场可能会导致女子足球运动员生理状况下降。
