Ruiz-Vega Jaime, Cortés-Martínez Carlos I, García-Gutiérrez Cipriano
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR U. Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, Colonia Nochebuena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, CP 71230, México.
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR U. Sinaloa, Bulevard Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes 250, Colonia San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa, CP 81101, México.
J Nematol. 2018;50(3):273-280. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-037.
An alternative control method to the use of chemical insecticides against soil dwelling insect pests is the application of entomopathogenic nematodes formulated in alginate beads for enhanced shelf life. The aim was to compare the benefit on nematode survival and infectivity of: (i) pre-conditioning of juveniles, and (ii) coating of alginate beads. The nematodes Steinernema glaseri , Steinernema carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were reproduced in last instar larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella and the infective juveniles emerged were subjected to two capture treatments: white traps and plaster of Paris, the latter was utilized as a pre-conditioning treatment. A total of 1,000 infective juveniles were formulated in each sodium alginate bead with or without an alginate coating. The beads were stored at 23 ± 3°C and a bidistilled water suspension of nematodes was set as a control. The survivorship of these formulates and their infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae were evaluated every 7 d post-formulation (dpf). In beads without pre-conditioning juveniles nor coating, Steinernema carpocapsae had the higher survival rate (58.8%), the longest survival time (28 dpf) and the higher infectivity (100%) as well. Pre-conditioning improved the survival and infectivity of Steinernema glaseri by 22.5% at 21 dpf and 70.0% at 14 dpf, respectively. Alginate coating increased survival (21.7%) and infectivity (95%) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for up to 28 dpf. The combination of pre-conditioning and coating slightly favored the survival (10% for up to 14 dpf) of Steinernema glaseri and infectivity (100% for up to 35 dpf) of Steinernema carpocapsae . Non pre-conditioned Steinernema carpocapsae formulated in uncoated beads was the combination with better performance in survivorship (58.8%) and infectivity (100%) at 28 dpf. It was concluded that non pre-conditioned Steinernema carpocapsae formulated in uncoated beads was the combination with better survivorship and infectivity.
一种替代使用化学杀虫剂防治土壤害虫的控制方法是应用包裹在藻酸盐珠粒中的昆虫病原线虫，以延长其保质期。目的是比较以下两种处理对线虫存活率和感染力的影响：（i）幼虫预处理，以及（ii）藻酸盐珠粒包衣。在大蜡螟末龄幼虫中繁殖格氏斯氏线虫、小卷蛾斯氏线虫和嗜菌异小杆线虫，将羽化出的感染性幼虫进行两种捕获处理：白色诱捕器和石膏，后者用作预处理。每个藻酸钠珠粒中配制1000条感染性幼虫，有或没有藻酸盐包衣。珠粒储存在23±3°C，将线虫的双蒸水悬浮液作为对照。在配制后每7天（dpf）评估这些制剂的存活率及其对大蜡螟幼虫的感染力。在没有幼虫预处理和包衣的珠粒中，小卷蛾斯氏线虫具有较高的存活率（58.8%）、最长的存活时间（28 dpf）以及较高的感染力（100%）。预处理分别在21 dpf时将格氏斯氏线虫的存活率提高了22.5%，在14 dpf时提高了70.0%。藻酸盐包衣使嗜菌异小杆线虫的存活率提高了21.7%，感染力提高了95%，长达28 dpf。预处理和包衣的组合略微有利于格氏斯氏线虫的存活（在14 dpf内提高10%）和小卷蛾斯氏线虫的感染力（在35 dpf内提高100%）。未预处理的小卷蛾斯氏线虫配制在未包衣的珠粒中，在28 dpf时是存活率（58.8%）和感染力（100%）表现较好的组合。得出的结论是，未预处理的小卷蛾斯氏线虫配制在未包衣的珠粒中是存活率和感染力较好的组合。
