Figueira Bruno, Gonçalves Bruno, Masiulis Nerijus, Sampaio Jaime
Faculty of Sport Biomedicine, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Portugal.
Biol Sport. 2018 Jun;35(2):145-153. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.71603. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
The study aimed to compare footballers' performances when playing with teammates and opponents from the same age group with performances when playing with teammates and opponents of different age groups. Three football matches were played: i) under-15 (U15) players played with each other; ii) under-17 (U17) players played with each other; and iii) players under the age of 15 and 17 played with each other in two equivalent mixed age teams. The players' physical performance was measured using the distances covered at different speed categories and tactical behaviour was assessed using several positioning-derived variables. The results showed that, when playing in the mixed age condition, the U15 players increased the distance covered in sprinting intensity (18.1%; ±21.1%) and the U17 players increased the distance covered in jogging zones (6.8%; ±6.5%). The intra-team movement synchronization in longitudinal and lateral displacements was higher when U15 players confronted peers of the same age, in the first half (-13.4%; ±2.0%, -20.3%; ±5.7% respectively), and when U17 players confronting the mixed group, in both halves (-16.9%; ±2.5%, 9.8%; ±4.0% and 7.9%; ±5.7%, 10.6% ±4.4%, respectively). The differences between age groups and the mixed condition may be connected with the level of players' tactical expertise and adaptive positioning according to the dynamic environmental information. In general, these results suggest that mixing the age groups may be useful to promote a wider range of training session stimuli in these young football players.
该研究旨在比较足球运动员与同年龄组队友和对手比赛时的表现，以及与不同年龄组队友和对手比赛时的表现。共进行了三场足球比赛：i）15岁以下（U15）球员相互比赛；ii）17岁以下（U17）球员相互比赛；iii）15岁和17岁以下的球员分成两个同等的混合年龄组相互比赛。使用不同速度类别下的跑动距离来衡量球员的身体表现，并使用几个基于位置的变量来评估战术行为。结果表明，在混合年龄组比赛时，U15球员在冲刺强度下的跑动距离增加了（18.1%；±21.1%），U17球员在慢跑区域的跑动距离增加了（6.8%；±6.5%）。当U15球员在比赛上半场与同年龄对手比赛时（纵向和横向位移的队内移动同步性分别为-13.4%；±2.0%，-20.3%；±5.7%），以及当U17球员与混合组比赛时（上下半场分别为-16.9%；±2.5%，9.8%；±4.0%和7.9%；±5.7%，10.6%±4.4%），其队内移动同步性更高。年龄组之间以及混合组比赛情况的差异可能与球员的战术专业水平以及根据动态环境信息进行的适应性定位有关。总体而言，这些结果表明，混合年龄组可能有助于在这些年轻足球运动员中促进更广泛的训练刺激。
