Rothrock Michael J, Feye Kristina M, Kim Sun Ae, Park Si Hong, Locatelli Aude, Hiett Kelli L, Gamble John, Sellers Holly, Ricke Steven C
Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States.
Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Nov 2;9:2454. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02454. eCollection 2018.
Rapid molecular techniques that evaluate eggs for the presence of foodborne pathogens is an essential component to poultry food safety monitoring. Interestingly, it is not just table eggs that contribute to outbreaks of foodborne disease. Broiler layer production actively contributes to sustaining of foodborne pathogens within a flock. The surface contamination of production eggs with invasive pathogens such as , , and during embryogenesis results in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) colonization. Pathogens that secure a niche within the GIT during embryonic development are nearly impossible to eradicate from the food chain. Therefore, current monitoring paradigms are not comprehensive because they fail to capture the presence of invasive pathogens within the embryonic GIT rapidly. By developing tools to recognize the pathogens' presence in the GIT during embryogenesis, producers are then able to spot evaluate broiler eggs for their potential risk as carriers of foodborne pathogens. In this study a novel qPCR assay was developed to semi-quantify pathogen load relative to total bacterial burden. Eggs sampled from three independent production broiler flocks of different ages were assayed for , , and against total microbial load (). The eggs were sampled at 1-day post-set within each flock, 2 weeks post-set, after vaccination (at 2.5 weeks) and 1-day post-hatch. The eggs were washed, and the yolk and embryonic chick GIT were collected. The DNA was extracted and subjected to a qPCR assay. The results confirm a novel technique for pathogen monitoring relative to total bacterial load and a unique method for monitoring the dynamics of foodborne pathogen invasion throughout broiler egg production.
评估禽蛋中食源性病原体存在情况的快速分子技术是家禽食品安全监测的重要组成部分。有趣的是，导致食源性疾病暴发的不仅仅是食用蛋。肉鸡产蛋过程积极促成了禽群中食源性病原体的持续存在。在胚胎发育过程中，生产蛋被诸如[此处原文缺失具体病原体名称]、[此处原文缺失具体病原体名称]和[此处原文缺失具体病原体名称]等侵袭性病原体表面污染，会导致胃肠道（GIT）定植。在胚胎发育期间在胃肠道内占据一席之地的病原体几乎不可能从食物链中根除。因此，当前的监测模式并不全面，因为它们无法迅速捕捉胚胎胃肠道内侵袭性病原体的存在情况。通过开发工具来识别胚胎发育过程中胃肠道内病原体的存在，生产者就能即时评估肉鸡产蛋作为食源性病原体携带者的潜在风险。在本研究中，开发了一种新型定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测方法，以相对于总细菌负荷对病原体载量进行半定量。对来自三个不同年龄的独立肉鸡生产鸡群的蛋进行检测，以检测[此处原文缺失具体病原体名称]、[此处原文缺失具体病原体名称]和[此处原文缺失具体病原体名称]相对于总微生物负荷（[此处原文缺失具体指标名称]）的情况。在每个鸡群内，在入孵后1天、入孵后2周、接种疫苗后（2.5周）以及出壳后一天对蛋进行采样。将蛋清洗后，收集蛋黄和胚胎雏鸡的胃肠道。提取DNA并进行qPCR检测。结果证实了一种相对于总细菌负荷进行病原体监测的新技术，以及一种监测整个肉鸡产蛋过程中食源性病原体入侵动态的独特方法。
