Gramella fulva sp. nov., isolated from a dry surface of tidal flat.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by means of gliding, and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SH35, was isolated from the dry surface of a tidal flat in Hwasung-si, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10-40°C (optimum 30°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), in 1-12% NaCl (optimum 2%), and was inhibited in the absence of NaCl and Ca ions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SH35 belonged to the genus Gramella and was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae with highest sequence similarity to Gramella flava JLT2011 (96.1%), followed by Gramella oceani CCAMSZ-TT (95.6%), and 93.0-94.9% to other recognized Gramella species. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5% of the total) of strain SH35T were iso-C, Iso-C, anteiso-C, iso-C 3-OH and summed feature 9 (C16:0 10-methyl and/or C iso ω9с). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and nine unidentified polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone and the predominant polyamine were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and symhomospermidine, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 40.5 mol% (39.7% based on total genome calculations). Based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain SH35 represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella fulva sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SH35 (= KACC 19447 = JCM 32369).