School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 115 25 Athens, Greece.
Metabolism. 2019 Feb;91:61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.007. Epub 2018 Nov 17.
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a prototype endocrine disrupting molecule, has been associated with many disease entities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, cardiovascular disease, reproductive and neurodevelopmental disorders. BPA has also been associated mainly with not only hormone sensitive cancers such as breast, prostate, endometrial, ovarian, testicular and thyroid cancers but also non-hormonal sensitive cancers such as cervical and lung cancers, osteosarcoma and meningioma. Recent research has investigated the sources of contamination which are responsible for higher BPA concentrations in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal space, representing the first site of BPA exposure after ingestion. Besides growing awareness and case registration, the incidence and prevalence of oral (OC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) have increased during the last decades correlating with the increased production of BPA worldwide. So far, no study in the medical literature has explored the association of BPA with OC and OPC. BPA may be linked to the etiopathogenesis of OC and OPC through a multitude of mechanisms encompassing and interconnecting genetic, epigenetic, inflammatory, immune, metabolic, hormonal and oxidative stress alterations as well as modulation of oral microbiome. Hence, it is not possible to rule out a potential role of BPA exposure in oral and oropharyngeal tissue carcinogenesis, especially knowing its potential to participate in other non-hormonal sensitive malignancies and to deregulate signaling pathways implicated in OC and OPC. This perspective aims at outlining evidence and proposing for the first time a potential link between BPA with OC and OPC, the most frequent subtypes of head and neck malignancies.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种典型的内分泌干扰物，与许多疾病实体有关，如糖尿病、肥胖症、多囊卵巢疾病、心血管疾病、生殖和神经发育障碍。BPA 主要与不仅与激素敏感癌症（如乳腺癌、前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌和甲状腺癌）有关，也与非激素敏感癌症（如宫颈癌和肺癌、骨肉瘤和脑膜瘤）有关。最近的研究调查了导致口腔和口咽空间中 BPA 浓度升高的污染来源，这些部位是摄入后 BPA 暴露的第一部位。除了不断提高的认识和病例登记外，口腔（OC）和口咽癌（OPC）的发病率和患病率在过去几十年中有所增加，这与全球 BPA 产量的增加有关。到目前为止，医学文献中没有研究探讨 BPA 与 OC 和 OPC 的关系。BPA 可能通过多种机制与 OC 和 OPC 的病因发病机制相关，这些机制包括并相互关联遗传、表观遗传、炎症、免疫、代谢、激素和氧化应激改变以及口腔微生物组的调节。因此，不能排除 BPA 暴露在口腔和口咽组织癌变中的潜在作用，特别是考虑到它可能参与其他非激素敏感的恶性肿瘤，并调节与 OC 和 OPC 相关的信号通路。本观点旨在概述证据，并首次提出 BPA 与 OC 和 OPC 之间的潜在联系，OC 和 OPC 是头颈部恶性肿瘤中最常见的亚型。
