Bengaly Zakaria, Vitouley Sèna Hervé, Somda Martin Bienvenu, Zongo André, Têko-Agbo Assiongbon, Cecchi Giuliano, Adam Yahaya, Sidibé Issa, Bayala Balé, Belem Adrien Marie Gaston, Van Den Abbeele Jan, Delespaux Vincent
Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso.
Université Nazi BONI (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso.
BMC Vet Res. 2018 Nov 20;14(1):361. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1633-7.
Diminazene diaceturate (DA) and isometamidium chloride hydrochloride (ISM) are with homidium bromide, the main molecules used to treat African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT). These drugs can be purchased from official suppliers but also from unofficial sources like local food markets or street vendors. The sub-standard quality of some of these trypanocides is jeopardizing the efficacy of treatment of sick livestock, leading thus to economic losses for the low-resource farmers and is contributing to the emergence and spread of drug resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of trypanocidal drugs sold in French speaking countries of West Africa. In total, 308 drug samples including 282 of DA and 26 of ISM were purchased from official and unofficial sources in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger and Togo. All samples were analysed at LACOMEV (Dakar, Senegal), a reference laboratory of the World Organisation for Animal Health, by galenic inspection and high performance liquid chromatography.
The results showed that 51.90% of the samples were non-compliant compared to the standards and were containing lower quantity of the active ingredient compared to the indications on the packaging. The non-compliances ranged from 63.27% in Togo to 32.65% in Burkina Faso (61.82% in Benin, 53.84% in Mali, 50% in Côte d'Ivoire, 47.36% in Niger). The rates of non-compliance were not statistically different (P = 0.572) from official or unofficial suppliers and ranged from 30 to 75% and from 0 to 65% respectively. However, the non-compliance was significantly higher for ISM compared to DA (P = 0.028).
The high non-compliance revealed in this study compromises the efficacy of therapeutic strategies against AAT, and is likely to exacerbate chemoresistance in West Africa. Corrective actions against sub-standard trypanocides urgently need to be taken by policy makers and control authorities.
双乙酰氨苯脒（DA）和盐酸异美汀（ISM）与溴化乙锭一样，是用于治疗非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）的主要分子。这些药物既可以从官方供应商处购买，也可以从当地食品市场或街头小贩等非官方渠道获得。其中一些锥虫杀灭剂质量不合格，正危及患病牲畜的治疗效果，从而给资源匮乏的农民造成经济损失，并促使耐药性的出现和传播。本研究的目的是评估在西非法语国家销售的锥虫杀灭药物的质量。总共从贝宁、布基纳法索、科特迪瓦、马里、尼日尔和多哥的官方和非官方渠道购买了308份药物样本，其中包括282份DA样本和26份ISM样本。所有样本均在世界动物卫生组织的参考实验室拉科梅夫（达喀尔，塞内加尔）通过药剂检查和高效液相色谱法进行分析。
结果显示，51.90%的样本不符合标准，与包装上的说明相比，活性成分含量较低。不符合率从多哥的63.27%到布基纳法索的32.65%不等（贝宁为61.82%，马里为53.84%，科特迪瓦为50%，尼日尔为47.36%）。官方和非官方供应商的不符合率在统计学上没有差异（P = 0.572），分别为30%至75%和0%至65%。然而，ISM的不符合率明显高于DA（P = 0.028）。
本研究中发现的高不符合率损害了针对AAT的治疗策略的疗效，并可能加剧西非的化学抗性。政策制定者和监管当局迫切需要对不合格的锥虫杀灭剂采取纠正措施。
