Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Centre of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Via Costeira Senador Dinarte Medeiros Mariz, Mãe Luíza, s/n, Natal, RN, CEP 59014-002, Brazil.
Fishing Ecology, Management, and Economics Group, Department of Ecology, Centre of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Campus Central- Avenue Senador Salgado Filho, Lagoa Nova, n°3000, Natal, RN, CEP 59078-970, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2018 Nov 21;14(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13002-018-0273-0.
Accessing folk knowledge from small-scale fishers is an affordable and reliable approach to understand the dynamic and diversity of shark species worldwide, especially of those eventually caught. In this context, ethnotaxonomy (folk identification and classification) may represent an alternative to support sharks fisheries management, especially in data-poor places. This study aimed to investigate fishing and ethnotaxonomy of the main shark species caught by small-scale fisheries from the coastal waters of the Brazilian Northeast.
Semi-structured and structured interviews were conducted with fishers targeting general aspects of fishing activities and specific topics regarding ethnotaxonomy, capture, and commercialization of sharks. For species identification, an ethnobiological systematic perspective was used to analyze the folk nomenclature and classification criteria. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to verify associations between species caught, fishing gear, and harvest period.
Fishers mentioned 73 binomial names, 21 main folk species, and eight synonymies. Some species belonging to the same scientific genus are often named and grouped by the same folk name, with no distinction between species by fishers. Sharks are most landed as bycatch and correspond to less than 5% of the total commercial fisheries in the communities, with socioeconomic value for subsistence consumption and local commercialization. Sharks were said to be mainly caught with hand line and surface long line during the rainy season, while gillnet captures were associated to the dry season. At least three of the species most mentioned by fishers are currently classified as vulnerable and endangered worldwide.
Even though landed sharks account for a small proportion of the fishing catches, their biological and life history features place sharks among the most vulnerable organisms globally. Such an ethnobiological approach towards shark identification may contribute to generate basic information on species caught, their frequency in the landings, and how different species belonging to the same genus can be landed and sold together. This type of information can generate subsidies to the development of conservation and management plans for these fishing resources, where knowledge is scarce.
从小型渔业者那里获取民间知识是一种经济实惠且可靠的方法，可以了解全球范围内鲨鱼物种的动态和多样性，尤其是那些最终被捕捞的物种。在这种情况下，民族分类学（民间识别和分类）可能是支持鲨鱼渔业管理的一种替代方法，特别是在数据匮乏的地方。本研究旨在调查巴西东北部沿海水域小型渔业捕捞的主要鲨鱼物种的捕捞和民族分类学。
对渔民进行半结构化和结构化访谈，以了解渔业活动的一般方面以及有关鲨鱼的民族分类学、捕捞和商业化的具体主题。为了进行物种鉴定，采用了民族生物系统学的观点来分析民间命名法和分类标准。使用非参数统计检验来验证所捕捞的物种、渔具和收获期之间的关联。
渔民提到了 73 个二项式名称、21 个主要民间物种和 8 个同义词。属于同一科学属的一些物种通常由同一民间名称命名和分组，渔民之间没有物种区分。鲨鱼主要作为副渔获物被捕捞，占社区总商业渔业的不到 5%，具有生计消费和当地商业化的社会经济价值。渔民说，鲨鱼主要在雨季用手钓和水面长钓捕捞，而刺网捕捞则与旱季有关。渔民提到的至少有三种最常见的物种在全球范围内被归类为易危和濒危物种。
尽管上岸的鲨鱼捕捞量仅占捕捞量的一小部分，但它们的生物和生活史特征使鲨鱼成为全球最脆弱的生物之一。这种对鲨鱼识别的民族生物学方法可以为了解所捕捞的物种、它们在捕捞中的频率以及同一属的不同物种如何一起捕捞和销售提供基本信息。这种类型的信息可以为这些渔业资源的保护和管理计划的制定提供支持，因为这些资源的知识匮乏。
