Staffen Clisten Fátima, Staffen Mari Dalva, Becker Mariana Londero, Löfgren Sara Emelie, Muniz Yara Costa Netto, de Freitas Renato Hajenius Aché, Marrero Andrea Rita
Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Ecologia e Zoologia (LABITEL), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
PeerJ. 2017 Nov 29;5:e4006. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4006. eCollection 2017.
The consumption of raw fish has increased considerably in the West, since it is said to be potentially healthier than processed fish (for containing omega 3 and 6, essential amino acids and vitamins). However this potential benefit, as well as the taste, value and even the risk of extinction are not the same for all species of fish, constituting grounds for fraud. Using the principles of the DNA barcode we revealed mislabelling of fish in Japanese restaurants and fishmarkets in Florianópolis, a popular tourist capital in Brazil. We sequenced the COI gene of 65 samples from fisheries and 80 from restaurants and diagnosed 30% of mislabeled samples in fisheries and 26% in restaurants. We discussed that frauds may have occurred for different reasons: to circumvent surveillance on threatened species; to sell fish with sizes smaller than allowed or abundant species as being a much rarer species (law of supply); to induce product consumption using species with better taste. It should be noted that some substitutions are derived from incorrect identification and are not a fraud ; they are due to confusion of popular names or misunderstanding by the sellers. Therefore, we suggest the implementation of a systematic regulatory program conducted by governmental agencies to reduce mislabelling in order to avoid further damage to the community (in health and financial issues) and fish stocks.
在西方，生鱼的消费量大幅增加，因为据说它可能比加工鱼更健康（含有欧米伽3和6、必需氨基酸和维生素）。然而，这种潜在益处以及口感、价值甚至灭绝风险，对于所有鱼类品种来说并不相同，这构成了欺诈的理由。利用DNA条形码技术，我们揭示了巴西热门旅游城市弗洛里亚诺波利斯的日本餐馆和鱼市中存在的鱼类误标现象。我们对来自渔场的65个样本和来自餐馆的80个样本的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因进行了测序，发现渔场中有30%的样本存在误标，餐馆中有26%的样本存在误标。我们讨论了欺诈可能出于不同原因：规避对濒危物种的监管；将尺寸小于允许范围的鱼类或数量丰富的鱼类当作稀有得多的物种出售（供应法则）；利用口感更好的鱼类来促使产品消费。应当指出的是，一些替换是由于错误识别导致的，并非欺诈行为；这是由于俗名混淆或卖家误解造成的。因此，我们建议政府机构实施一项系统的监管计划，以减少误标现象，从而避免对社会（在健康和财务问题方面）和鱼类种群造成进一步损害。
