Dept of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
European Lung Foundation (ELF), Sheffield, UK.
Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 31;53(2). doi: 10.1183/13993003.01151-2018. Print 2019 Feb.
There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as "electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid" and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact; and animal studies; and user perspectives.ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out.
电子烟的发展和使用显著增加。这一说法涵盖了电子烟（ECIG），它被定义为“从液体中产生气溶胶的电器”，因此不包括含有烟草的设备。数据库搜索确定了已发表的文章，这些文章用于总结电子烟使用的流行病学、其成分和伴随的健康影响、二手暴露、电子烟戒烟的使用、电子烟的行为方面和社会影响，以及动物研究和用户观点。电子烟气溶胶中含有潜在有毒化学物质。与传统香烟相比，这些化学物质较少，浓度通常较低。电子烟化学物质的二手暴露可能代表潜在风险，尤其是对弱势群体。由于缺乏对照试验，包括比较电子烟与许可戒烟治疗的试验，因此没有足够的科学证据支持电子烟作为戒烟辅助手段。到目前为止，使用电子烟是否会导致吸烟行为正常化或引发“门户效应”，数据相互矛盾。细胞培养和动物研究实验表明，电子烟可能会产生多种负面影响。电子烟使用的长期影响尚不清楚，因此没有证据表明电子烟在长期内比烟草更安全。基于现有知识，不能排除对健康的负面影响。
