Nakiriba Rhoda, Mayega Roy William, Piloya Thereza, Nabukeera-Barungi Nicolette, Idro Richard
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,
Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2018 Oct 29;9:167-176. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S178746. eCollection 2018.
There is limited information on dysglycemia in adolescents in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dysglycemia among boarding secondary school adolescent girls in a peri-urban district.
The design was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 688 adolescents from four randomly selected girls-only boarding secondary schools in Wakiso District, Uganda, participated in this study. Fasting plasma glucose, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. A questionnaire was used to assess demographic and lifestyle factors. Suspected dysglycemia was defined using the American Diabetes Association cutoff of fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L. Overweight and hypertension were defined being above two SDs or the 95th percentile of the WHO BMI for age and BP for age reference charts, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors independently associated with dysglycemia.
The mean age of the participants was 15.4 years (SD=1.7 years). Probable dysglycemia was found in 44 of 688 (6.4%) participants, ranging from 3.5% in the least affluent school to 9.8% in the most affluent school. No case of type 2 diabetes was found. 11.6% of the participants were found to have probable hypertension. Dysglycemia was higher in adolescents who were overweight (adjusted OR [AOR] 2.3; 95% CI 1.22-4.48), those with hypertension (AOR 4.0; 95% CI 1.86-8.45), and those who frequently stocked biscuits (AOR 3.0; 95% CI 1.21-7.28). Dysglycemia was lower in older adolescents (AOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.10-0.86) and those who took water with meals (AOR 3.0; 95% CI 1.21-7.28).
In these predominantly peri-urban boarding secondary schools, 6.4% of the adolescent girls have probable dysglycemia. As Africa undergoes the epidemiological transition, there is a need for closer surveillance for diabetes and hypertension in peri-urban schools and school health measures against lifestyle diseases.
低收入国家青少年血糖异常的相关信息有限。本研究的目的是确定城郊地区寄宿制中学青春期女孩血糖异常的患病率及其相关因素。
采用横断面调查设计。从乌干达瓦基索区四所随机选取的女子寄宿制中学中，共有688名青少年参与了本研究。测量了空腹血糖、体重指数（BMI）和血压（BP）。使用问卷评估人口统计学和生活方式因素。可疑血糖异常根据美国糖尿病协会空腹血糖≥5.6 mmol/L的临界值来定义。超重和高血压分别定义为高于世界卫生组织年龄别BMI和年龄别BP参考图表的两个标准差或第95百分位数。采用逻辑回归确定与血糖异常独立相关的因素。
参与者的平均年龄为15.4岁（标准差=1.7岁）。688名参与者中有44名（6.4%）可能存在血糖异常，在最贫困的学校中为3.5%，在最富裕的学校中为9.8%。未发现2型糖尿病病例。11.6%的参与者被发现可能患有高血压。超重的青少年（调整后比值比[AOR]2.3；95%置信区间1.22 - 4.48）、患有高血压的青少年（AOR 4.0；95%置信区间1.86 - 8.45）以及经常储备饼干的青少年（AOR 3.0；95%置信区间1.21 - 7.28）血糖异常的发生率更高。年龄较大的青少年（AOR 0.3；95%置信区间0.10 - 0.86）以及就餐时喝水的青少年（AOR 3.0；95%置信区间1.21 - 7.28）血糖异常的发生率较低。
在这些主要为城郊的寄宿制中学中，6.4%的青春期女孩可能存在血糖异常。随着非洲经历流行病学转变，需要对城郊学校的糖尿病和高血压进行更密切的监测，并采取针对生活方式疾病的学校健康措施。
