Wang Ruizhou, Han Lu, Gao Qixia, Chen Dan, Wang Yun, Zhang Xia, Yu Xin, Zhang Yueming, Li Zhiyong, Bai Changcai
Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018;21(1):437-480. doi: 10.18433/jpps30212.
Many clinical diseases are accompanied by the symptoms of pain, and the degree of pain is closely related to the patients' suffering. Therefore, effectively relieving pain has become one of the vital concerns of clinical treatment and analgesic drug research. Non-opioid drugs are mainly used for the clinical treatment of mild to moderate pain, whereas opioid drugs are mainly used for treating moderate to severe pain. However, opioid drugs easily elicit adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, addiction, dependence, and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have unique advantages in the treatment of pain for quite a long time, and many analgesic drugs directly or indirectly were isolatiedfrom Chinese medicine or natural products, such as Liu Suan Yan Hu Suo Yi Su Pian and aspirin. With the development and modernization of research on herbal medicine more and more studies have been conducted on the active ingredients and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine analgesics. However, no review has been done on analgesic active components and their mechanisms. In this paper, 81 active components with clear chemical structure and definite analgesic effects in vivo and in vitro of traditional Chinese medicine and mechanisms of action reported in recent literatures are reviewed and summarized to provide reference for clinical analgesia and analgesics research.
许多临床疾病都伴有疼痛症状，疼痛程度与患者的痛苦密切相关。因此，有效缓解疼痛已成为临床治疗和镇痛药研究的重要关注点之一。非阿片类药物主要用于轻至中度疼痛的临床治疗，而阿片类药物主要用于治疗中至重度疼痛。然而，阿片类药物容易引发不良反应，如胃肠道不适、成瘾、依赖等。长期以来，中药及其活性成分在疼痛治疗方面具有独特优势，许多镇痛药直接或间接来源于中药或天然产物，如硫酸延胡索乙素片和阿司匹林。随着草药研究的发展与现代化，对中药镇痛药的活性成分和作用机制的研究越来越多。然而，尚未有关于镇痛活性成分及其作用机制的综述。本文对近年来文献报道的81种具有明确化学结构且在体内外具有确切镇痛作用的中药活性成分及其作用机制进行了综述和总结，为临床镇痛及镇痛药研究提供参考。
