a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA.
b Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2019 Jul;95(7):920-935. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589654. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
Almost since the earliest utilization of ionizing radiation, many within the radiation community have worked toward either preventing (i.e. protecting) normal tissues from unwanted radiation injury or rescuing them from the downstream consequences of exposure. However, despite over a century of such investigations, only incremental gains have been made toward this goal and, with certainty, no outright panacea having been found. In celebration of the 60th anniversary of the and to chronicle the efforts that have been made to date, we undertook a non-rigorous survey of the articles published by normal tissue researchers in this area, using those that have appeared in the aforementioned journal as a road map. Three 'snapshots' of publications on normal tissue countermeasures were taken: the earliest (1959-1963) and most recent (2013-2018) 5-year of issues, as well as a 5-year intermediate span (1987-1991). Limiting the survey solely to articles appearing within likely reduced the number of translational studies interrogated given the basic science tenor of this particular publication. In addition, by taking 'snapshots' rather than considering the entire breadth of the journal's history in this field, important papers that were published during the interim periods were omitted, for which we apologize. Nonetheless, since the journal's inception, we observed that, during the chosen periods, the majority of studies undertaken in the field of normal tissue countermeasures, whether investigating radiation protectants, mitigators or treatments, have focused on agents that interfere with the physical, chemical and/or biological effects known to occur during the acute period following whole body/high single dose exposures. This relatively narrow approach to the reduction of normal tissue effects, especially those that can take months, if not years, to develop, seems to contradict our growing understanding of the progressive complexities of the microenvironmental disruption that follows the initial radiation injury. Given the analytical tools now at our disposal and the enormous benefits that may be reaped in terms of improving patient outcomes, as well as the potential for offering countermeasures to those affected by accidental or mass casualty exposures, it appears time to broaden our approaches to developing normal tissue countermeasures. We have no doubt that the contributors and readership of the will continue to contribute to this effort for the foreseeable future.
自电离辐射最早被应用以来，许多从事放射医学的人员一直致力于预防（即保护）正常组织免受不必要的辐射损伤，或者在暴露后从下游后果中拯救它们。然而，尽管经过了一个多世纪的研究，在实现这一目标方面只取得了渐进的进展，而且可以肯定的是，还没有找到一种万无一失的方法。为了庆祝 成立 60 周年，并记录迄今为止所做的努力，我们对该领域的正常组织研究人员发表的文章进行了非严格的调查，以上述杂志中的文章为路线图。我们对正常组织对策的出版物进行了三个“快照”拍摄：最早的（1959-1963 年）和最近的（2013-2018 年）5 年的问题，以及一个 5 年的中间跨度（1987-1991 年）。由于该特定出版物的基础科学基调，仅将调查限于发表在杂志内的文章可能会减少被调查的转化研究数量。此外，通过拍摄“快照”而不是考虑该杂志在该领域的整个历史，忽略了在中间期间发表的重要论文，对此我们深表歉意。尽管如此，自该杂志创刊以来，我们观察到，在所选择的时期内，正常组织对策领域进行的大多数研究，无论是调查辐射防护剂、缓解剂还是治疗剂，都集中在那些干扰已知在全身/高单次剂量暴露后的急性期发生的物理、化学和/或生物学效应的药物上。这种针对正常组织效应的相对狭窄的方法，尤其是那些可能需要数月甚至数年才能发展的效应，似乎与我们对初始辐射损伤后微环境破坏的日益复杂的理解相矛盾。鉴于我们现在拥有的分析工具，以及在改善患者预后方面可能获得的巨大收益，以及为意外或大规模伤亡暴露的人提供对策的潜力，似乎是时候拓宽我们开发正常组织对策的方法了。我们毫不怀疑， 的贡献者和读者将在可预见的未来继续为此做出贡献。
