Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Nov;22(21):7257-7264. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201811_16260.
Patients with gastric cancer harbor distinct microbiota in the stomach. It features with lowered biodiversity, discrete structure, and varied composition. Some bacteria from gastric microbiota are potentially carcinogenic as they are enriched or depleted in gastric cancer. Distinct profile of microbial community in gastric cancer is possibly resulted from altered caused by pathophysiological and environmental factors. H. pylori is a carcinogen colonizing the human stomach. Although persisting for decades, it rarely causes compositional alteration of microbiota. Secretion of acid decreases gradually during the carcinogenic process. Increased pH results in overgrowth of bacteria in gastric fluid. The abundance of a particular taxon, but not the profile of microbiota, is altered in proton pump inhibitor users. Compositions of microbiota vary substantially between individuals, which may account for differential cancer risk. It has been demonstrated that genetic variations contribute to inter-individual variations in gut microbiota. However, their influence on the composition of gastric microbiota requires further exploration. Currently, it appears disrupted homeostasis and inter-individual variations of gastric microbiota are involved in cancer development. Clarifying factors responsible for these changes would reveal how microbiota induces carcinogenesis, benefiting the prevention of gastric cancer.
胃癌患者的胃中存在独特的微生物群落。其特征为生物多样性降低、结构离散和组成多样。一些来自胃微生物群的细菌可能具有致癌性，因为它们在胃癌中富集或减少。胃癌中微生物群落的独特特征可能是由生理病理和环境因素改变引起的。幽门螺杆菌是一种定植在人胃中的致癌物。尽管它已经存在了几十年，但很少引起微生物群落的组成改变。在致癌过程中，胃酸分泌逐渐减少。pH 值升高会导致胃液中细菌过度生长。质子泵抑制剂使用者中特定分类群的丰度发生改变，但微生物群落的组成没有改变。个体之间的微生物群落组成差异很大，这可能是癌症风险不同的原因。已经证明，遗传变异导致肠道微生物群落的个体间差异。然而，它们对胃微生物群落组成的影响需要进一步探索。目前，似乎破坏了胃微生物群落的内稳定和个体间变异与癌症发展有关。阐明导致这些变化的因素将揭示微生物如何诱导致癌，有利于预防胃癌。
