Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Neuron. 2018 Nov 21;100(4):977-993.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
The cerebellum contains the majority of neurons in the human brain and is unique for its uniform cytoarchitecture, absence of aerobic glycolysis, and role in adaptive plasticity. Despite anatomical and physiological differences between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, group-average functional connectivity studies have identified networks related to specific functions in both structures. Recently, precision functional mapping of individuals revealed that functional networks in the cerebral cortex exhibit measurable individual specificity. Using the highly sampled Midnight Scan Club (MSC) dataset, we found the cerebellum contains reliable, individual-specific network organization that is significantly more variable than the cerebral cortex. The frontoparietal network, thought to support adaptive control, was the only network overrepresented in the cerebellum compared to the cerebral cortex (2.3-fold). Temporally, all cerebellar resting state signals lagged behind the cerebral cortex (125-380 ms), supporting the hypothesis that the cerebellum engages in a domain-general function in the adaptive control of all cortical processes.
小脑包含了人类大脑中的大部分神经元，其独特之处在于其均匀的细胞结构、缺乏需氧糖酵解以及在适应性可塑性中的作用。尽管小脑和大脑皮层在解剖和生理上存在差异，但群体平均功能连接研究已经确定了这两个结构中与特定功能相关的网络。最近，对个体的精确功能映射表明，大脑皮层中的功能网络表现出可测量的个体特异性。使用高度采样的 Midnight Scan Club (MSC) 数据集，我们发现小脑具有可靠的、个体特异性的网络组织，其可变性明显高于大脑皮层。被认为支持适应性控制的额顶网络是小脑与大脑皮层相比唯一过度表达的网络（2.3 倍）。在时间上，所有小脑的静息状态信号都滞后于大脑皮层（125-380 毫秒），这支持了小脑在所有皮质过程的适应性控制中具有普遍功能的假设。
