Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.
J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 5;29(12):464-470. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20180140. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
In the present study, we examined the trends of premature mortality due to kidney and bladder cancers among the Japanese population from 1980 through 2010.
Mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. Years of life lost (YLL) was estimated using Japanese life tables. Average lifespan shortened (ALSS) was calculated and defined as the ratio of years of life lost relative to the expected lifespan.
Over the study period, the age-standardized rates to the World Standard Population for deaths from kidney and bladder cancers were stable. The average years of life lost (AYLL) measure shows decreases of about 4 and 6 years of life for kidney cancer in men and women, respectively, and decreases of about 2 years of life for bladder cancer in both sexes. The ALSS shows that patients with kidney cancer lost 21.0% and 24.7% of their lifespan among men and women in 1980, whereas respective losses were 15.3% and 15.8% in 2010. Also, patients with bladder cancer on average lost 13.5% in men and 14.2% in women in 1980 and 10.8% in men and 11.1% in women in 2010.
Our study shows favorable trends in premature mortality for kidney and bladder cancers in Japan over a 30-year period; however, patients with bladder cancer on average lost a smaller proportion of their lifespan compared to those with kidney cancer. The development of a novel ALSS measure is convenient in examination of the burden of premature mortality over time.
本研究旨在探讨 1980 年至 2010 年期间日本人群因肾脏和膀胱癌导致的早逝趋势。
死亡率数据来自世界卫生组织死亡率数据库。使用日本生命表估计生命损失年数（YLL）。计算平均寿命缩短（ALSS）并将其定义为生命损失年数与预期寿命的比值。
在研究期间，按世界标准人口校正的肾脏和膀胱癌死亡率保持稳定。平均生命损失年数（AYLL）衡量指标显示，男性和女性的肾癌分别减少了约 4 年和 6 年的寿命，男女膀胱癌均减少了约 2 年的寿命。ALSS 显示，1980 年男性和女性的肾癌患者分别损失了 21.0%和 24.7%的预期寿命，而 2010 年分别损失了 15.3%和 15.8%的预期寿命。此外，1980 年男性和女性膀胱癌患者平均损失了 13.5%和 14.2%的预期寿命，而 2010 年分别损失了 10.8%和 11.1%的预期寿命。
我们的研究表明，在 30 年期间，日本肾脏和膀胱癌的早逝趋势呈有利趋势；然而，与肾癌患者相比，膀胱癌患者平均损失的预期寿命比例较小。ALSS 是一种方便的衡量早逝负担随时间变化的新方法。
