Pinto João, Azevedo Richard, Pereira Eduardo, Caldeira Ana
Gastroenterology Department, Amato Lusitano Hospital, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
GE Port J Gastroenterol. 2018 Nov;25(6):308-316. doi: 10.1159/000487156. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
The use of ultrasonography (US) as an imaging modality in medicine has spread across almost every clinical specialty. This diffusion is based on the simplicity, accessibility, portability and affordability of the technique producing real-time high-resolution images using non-ionising radiation. On the other hand, this trend also extended the technique to settings other than healthcare, such as public facilities, private houses or remote sites. This tendency can be observed worldwide, from developing countries to prestigious medical schools and tertiary referral hospitals. Furthermore, point-of-care US (POCUS), i.e., US executed at the patient's bedside to obtain real-time objective information with diagnostic and clinical monitoring purposes or to guide invasive procedures, has been incorporated in many specialties. In gastroenterology, despite the essential role of endoscopy, clinical practice is highly dependent on non-endoscopic imaging techniques. However, as in other specialties, the indications of US in gastroenterology have been increasing steadily, covering a broad range of conditions. In response to the generalised employment of US by non-radiologists, institutions such as the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology and the Royal College of Radiologists issued recommendations to ensure high-quality practice. These theoretical and practical requisites include performing a certain number of examinations and mandatory skills in order to achieve certification to execute unsupervised US. Therefore, there is a need for modern gastroenterology to include US as a basic skill in its clinical practice. To ensure the provision of high-quality US, adequate instruction of future specialists should be guaranteed by the gastroenterology departments and required in the residency training programme.
超声检查(US)作为一种医学成像方式已在几乎所有临床专科中广泛应用。这种普及基于该技术的简单性、可及性、便携性和可承受性,它能使用非电离辐射生成实时高分辨率图像。另一方面,这一趋势也将该技术扩展到了医疗保健以外的场所,如公共设施、私人住宅或偏远地区。从发展中国家到著名医学院和三级转诊医院,这种趋势在全球都能观察到。此外,床旁超声检查(POCUS),即在患者床边进行超声检查以获取用于诊断和临床监测目的的实时客观信息或指导侵入性操作,已被许多专科采用。在胃肠病学领域,尽管内镜检查起着至关重要的作用,但临床实践高度依赖非内镜成像技术。然而,与其他专科一样,超声在胃肠病学中的应用指征一直在稳步增加,涵盖了广泛的病症。针对非放射科医生广泛使用超声的情况,欧洲医学与生物学超声学会联合会和皇家放射学院等机构发布了相关建议,以确保高质量的操作。这些理论和实践要求包括进行一定数量的检查和掌握必备技能,以便获得独立进行超声检查的认证。因此,现代胃肠病学需要将超声作为临床实践中的一项基本技能。为确保提供高质量的超声检查,胃肠病学部门应保证对未来专科医生进行充分的培训,并将其纳入住院医师培训计划的要求之中。