Kolátorová L, Lapčík O, Stárka L
Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Physiol Res. 2018 Nov 28;67(Suppl 3):S401-S408. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934022.
The microflora of the digestive tract is composed of a unique set of bacteria, yeasts, viruses and other microorganisms, generally known as the microbiome. The microbiome exhibits considerable inter-individual variability, with up to two-thirds of the microflora differing between individuals. Because of this, the variable intestinal microflora is responsible for many differences in metabolic, hormonal and immunological processes in humans and animals. Significant differences have been observed in the metabolism of phytoestrogens, naturally occurring substances that possess estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. These substances occur predominately in legumes, especially in soy and many soy products. Because of their effects, phytoestrogens are used as an alternative therapy for menopausal disorders and benign prostate hyperplasia. In connection with the worldwide expansion of soy products as part of healthy lifestyles including vegetarianism and veganism, phytoestrogens have become a regular part of everyday life. The activity of phytoestrogens is strongly dependent on the microbiome. Their metabolites have stronger estrogenic activity than the natural substances themselves, and because of the variability in microbiomes, there are large differences in the effects of phytoestrogens among individuals.
消化道的微生物群落由一组独特的细菌、酵母、病毒和其他微生物组成，通常被称为微生物组。微生物组表现出相当大的个体间差异，个体之间多达三分之二的微生物群落有所不同。因此，可变的肠道微生物群导致了人类和动物在代谢、激素和免疫过程中的许多差异。在植物雌激素的代谢方面已观察到显著差异，植物雌激素是具有雌激素或抗雌激素活性的天然物质。这些物质主要存在于豆类中，尤其是大豆和许多豆制品中。由于其作用，植物雌激素被用作更年期疾病和良性前列腺增生的替代疗法。随着包括素食主义和纯素主义在内的健康生活方式中豆制品在全球范围内的推广，植物雌激素已成为日常生活的常见组成部分。植物雌激素的活性强烈依赖于微生物组。它们的代谢产物比天然物质本身具有更强的雌激素活性，并且由于微生物组的变异性，植物雌激素在个体之间的作用存在很大差异。
