Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida 33004, USA; email:
Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2019 Feb 15;7:473-497. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115034. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Conservation genomics aims to preserve the viability of populations and the biodiversity of living organisms. Invertebrate organisms represent 95% of animal biodiversity; however, few genomic resources currently exist for the group. The subset of marine invertebrates includes the most ancient metazoan lineages and possesses codes for unique gene products and possible keys to adaptation. The benefits of supporting invertebrate conservation genomics research (e.g., likely discovery of novel genes, protein regulatory mechanisms, genomic innovations, and transposable elements) outweigh the various hurdles (rare, small, or polymorphic starting materials). Here we review best conservation genomics practices in the laboratory and in silico when applied to marine invertebrates and also showcase unique features in several case studies of acroporid corals, crown-of-thorns starfish, apple snails, and abalone. Marine conservation genomics should also address how diversity can lead to unique marine innovations, the impact of deleterious variation, and how genomic monitoring and profiling could positively affect broader conservation goals (e.g., value of baseline data for in situ/ex situ genomic stocks).
保护基因组学旨在保护种群的生存能力和生物多样性。无脊椎动物代表了 95%的动物生物多样性；然而，目前该群体的基因组资源很少。海洋无脊椎动物亚组包括最古老的后生动物谱系，并拥有独特的基因产物和可能适应的关键代码。支持无脊椎动物保护基因组学研究的好处（例如，可能发现新基因、蛋白质调控机制、基因组创新和转座元件）超过了各种障碍（稀有、小或多态性的起始材料）。在这里，我们回顾了应用于海洋无脊椎动物时实验室和计算机中的最佳保护基因组学实践，并在几个棘冠海星、石珊瑚、苹果蜗牛和鲍鱼的案例研究中展示了独特的特征。海洋保护基因组学还应解决多样性如何导致独特的海洋创新、有害变异的影响以及基因组监测和分析如何积极影响更广泛的保护目标（例如，就地/异地基因组资源的基线数据的价值）。
