Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité⁻School of Medicine, Humboldt-University & Free University, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 26;15(12):2642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122642.
Air pollution of particulate matter (PM) from traffic emissions has a significant impact on human health. Risk assessments for different traffic participants are often performed on the basis of data from local air quality monitoring stations. Numerous studies demonstrated the limitation of this approach. To assess the risk of PM exposure to a car driver more realistically, we measure the exposure to PM in a car cabin with a mobile aerosol spectrometer in Frankfurt am Main under different settings (local variations, opened versus a closed window) and compare it with data from stationary measurement. A video camera monitored the surroundings for potential PM source detection. In-cabin concentrations peaked at 508 µg m for PM, 133.9 µg m for PM, and 401.3 µg m for coarse particles, and strongly depended on PM size and PM concentration in ambient air. The concentration of smaller particles showed low fluctuations, but the concentration of coarse particles showed high fluctuations with maximum values on busy roads. Several of these concentration peaks were assigned to the corresponding sources with characteristic particle size distribution profiles. The closure of the car window reduced the exposure to PM, and in particular to coarse particles. The mobile measured PM values differed significantly from stationary PM measures, although good correlations were computed for finer particles. Mobile rather than stationary measurements are essential to assess the risk of PM exposure for car passengers.
交通排放的颗粒物（PM）造成的空气污染对人类健康有重大影响。通常根据当地空气质量监测站的数据对不同交通参与者的风险进行评估。许多研究表明这种方法存在局限性。为了更真实地评估汽车司机接触 PM 的风险，我们在美因河畔法兰克福使用移动气溶胶光谱仪在不同条件下（局部变化、开着窗还是关着窗）测量汽车座舱内的 PM 暴露情况，并将其与固定测量数据进行比较。一个摄像头监控着周围环境，以发现潜在的 PM 源。车内的浓度达到峰值：PM 为 508 µg/m³，PM 为 133.9 µg/m³，粗颗粒物为 401.3 µg/m³，并且强烈依赖于环境空气中的 PM 大小和 PM 浓度。较小颗粒的浓度波动较小，但粗颗粒的浓度波动较大，在繁忙的道路上达到最大值。其中几个浓度峰值与相应的来源有关，具有特征性的颗粒分布曲线。关闭车窗可减少 PM 暴露，尤其是粗颗粒物。尽管对较细颗粒计算出了良好的相关性，但移动测量的 PM 值与固定测量的 PM 值有显著差异。移动测量而非固定测量对于评估汽车乘客接触 PM 的风险至关重要。
