Decision Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1061, USA.
Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA.
Psychiatr Q. 2019 Mar;90(1):217-227. doi: 10.1007/s11126-018-9614-3.
Time distortion is a hallmark feature of addictive behaviors including excessive technology use. It has clinically significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Additional information on such distortions after prolonged abstinence from technology use is needed. We seek to examine differences in the effects of several days of abstinence on time-distortion in two groups: social media users who are at-risk and those who are at low risk for social media "addiction." To examine this, we employed a randomized, two group, pre (t1) - post (t2) design. Both groups completed survey tasks that cued social media use at t1 and at t2. Between t1 and t2, the treatment group (n = 294) abstained from social media use for up to one week (less if they "broke" and decided to resume use), and the control group (n = 121) did not. Results indicated that low-risk individuals in both the treatment and control groups presented downward time bias at t1; at-risk individuals presented non-significant upward bias. After abstinence, both low- and at- risk individuals in the treatment group presented upward time distortion. This effect did not take place in the control group; low-risk users still presented significant downward bias at t2. The post-abstinence increase in time distortion was significantly more pronounced in at-risk users. These differences between pre- and post-abstinence time distortion patterns in normal and at-risk-for-"addiction" social media users can be used for adjusting and interpreting self-reports related to addictive uses of technologies.
时间扭曲是包括过度使用技术在内的成瘾行为的一个显著特征。它对诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。需要更多关于长时间戒除技术使用后这种扭曲的信息。我们试图在两组人群中检查几天的禁欲对时间扭曲的影响:有风险的社交媒体使用者和低风险的社交媒体“成瘾”者。为了研究这个问题,我们采用了随机、两组、前测(t1)-后测(t2)的设计。两组都在 t1 和 t2 完成了提示社交媒体使用的调查任务。在 t1 和 t2 之间,治疗组(n=294)最多禁欲一周(如果他们“打破”并决定恢复使用,则时间更短),对照组(n=121)则没有。结果表明,治疗组和对照组的低风险个体在 t1 时都表现出向下的时间偏差;高风险个体则表现出非显著的向上偏差。禁欲后,治疗组中的低风险和高风险个体都表现出向上的时间扭曲。而对照组中则没有发生这种情况;低风险用户在 t2 时仍然表现出显著的向下偏差。在高风险使用者中,禁欲后时间扭曲的增加更为明显。这些正常和有“成瘾”风险的社交媒体使用者在禁欲前后时间扭曲模式的差异可用于调整和解释与技术成瘾使用相关的自我报告。