Kim Youngmee, Mitchell Hannah-Rose, Ting Amanda
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Psychooncology. 2019 Feb;28(2):228-254. doi: 10.1002/pon.4953. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
Cancer affects both men and women, yet systematic understanding of the role of gender in caregiving and dyadic caregiver-patient interactions is lacking. Thus, it may be useful to review how gender theories apply to cancer caregiving and to evaluate the adequacy of current cancer caregiving studies to the gender theories.
Several databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PsychINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL, were used for searching articles published in English between 2000 and 2016. The search was restricted by age (≥18) and yielded 602 articles, which were subject to further screen and review based on selection criteria. Of 108 full texts reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility for this review, 55 met the criteria and included for review.
The reviewed studies supported the "gender role" and "doing gender" perspectives for caregiver selection. The role identity, role strain, and transactional stress theories were supported for predicting caregiving outcomes at the individual level. Furthermore, attachment, self-determination, and interdependence theories incorporated caregiver factors that predicted the patients' outcomes, and vice versa.
Despite limited gender theory-driven research in cancer caregiving and psycho-oncology in general, the utility of gender theories in (a) identifying subgroups of caregiver-patient dyads who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of cancer in the family and (b) developing evidence-based interventions is promising. Integrating broader issues of medical trajectory, lifespan, sociocultural, and biological factors in gender-oriented research and practice in psycho-oncology is encouraged.
癌症对男性和女性都会造成影响，但目前仍缺乏对性别在护理及护理者与患者二元互动中所起作用的系统理解。因此，回顾性别理论如何应用于癌症护理，并评估当前癌症护理研究与性别理论的契合程度可能会有所帮助。
使用多个数据库，包括MEDLINE（Ovid）、PsychINFO、PubMed和CINAHL，检索2000年至2016年间发表的英文文章。检索受年龄限制（≥18岁），共得到602篇文章，这些文章需根据选择标准进行进一步筛选和审查。在审查的108篇全文中，以确定其是否符合本综述的纳入资格，其中55篇符合标准并被纳入综述。
综述研究支持护理者选择方面的“性别角色”和“性别表演”观点。角色认同、角色压力和交易压力理论在预测个体层面的护理结果方面得到了支持。此外，依恋、自我决定和相互依赖理论纳入了护理者因素，这些因素可预测患者的结果，反之亦然。
尽管总体而言，性别理论驱动的癌症护理和心理肿瘤学研究有限，但性别理论在（a）识别易受癌症家庭负面影响的护理者-患者二元组亚组以及（b）制定循证干预措施方面的效用很有前景。鼓励在心理肿瘤学的性别导向研究和实践中纳入医学轨迹、寿命、社会文化和生物学因素等更广泛的问题。
