Princeton University, United States.
Cognition. 2019 Jul;188:108-115. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.11.007. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Political cognitions-particularly impressions and stereotypes along two fundamental dimensions of social evaluations-play some role in explaining social class divides and accompanying resentments. First, the Big Two dimensions (warmth/communion and competence/agency) describe candidate perception, person perception, and group stereotypes. In particular, the stereotype content model and related perspectives show social-class stereotypes depicting elites as competent but cold and lower-income groups as incompetent but warm. This trade-off justifies the system as meritocractic, because elites' stereotypic competence supports their status based on deservingness. Nevertheless, varied evidence (from social psychology, political science, and sociology) indicates common beliefs that support cross-class resentments: In particular, many citizens express political resentment both downward (toward cheats) and upward (toward elites). In this context, backlash against the system results. Anticipated by systematic theories, these political cognitions (impressions, stereotypes, beliefs) help explain the populist and nativist resentments in current political discourse; all support polarized, dysfunctional politics.
政治认知——特别是沿着社会评价的两个基本维度的印象和刻板印象——在解释社会阶级差异和随之而来的怨恨方面起着一定的作用。首先，这两个主要维度（温暖/交流和能力/能动性）描述了候选人的印象、对人的印象和群体刻板印象。特别是，刻板印象内容模型和相关观点显示了社会阶级的刻板印象，描绘精英是有能力但冷漠的，而低收入群体是无能但热情的。这种权衡使该系统成为精英主义的，因为精英的刻板印象能力支持他们基于应得的地位。然而，从社会心理学、政治学和社会学等不同领域的证据表明，存在支持跨阶级怨恨的普遍信念：特别是，许多公民既对下层（对骗子），也对上层（对精英）表达政治怨恨。在这种情况下，会产生对该系统的强烈抵制。这些政治认知（印象、刻板印象、信念）如系统理论所预期的那样，有助于解释当前政治话语中民粹主义和本土主义的怨恨；所有这些都支持两极分化和功能失调的政治。
