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出版伦理与医学出版的幽灵管理。

Publication ethics and the ghost management of medical publication.

机构信息

Department of Philosophy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

出版信息

Bioethics. 2010 Jul;24(6):273-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.01702.x. Epub 2009 Feb 16.

Abstract

It is by now no secret that some scientific articles are ghost authored - that is, written by someone other than the person whose name appears at the top of the article. Ghost authorship, however, is only one sort of ghosting. In this article, we present evidence that pharmaceutical companies engage in the ghost management of the scientific literature, by controlling or shaping several crucial steps in the research, writing, and publication of scientific articles. Ghost management allows the pharmaceutical industry to shape the literature in ways that serve its interests. This article aims to reinforce and expand publication ethics as an important area of concern for bioethics. Since ghost-managed research is primarily undertaken in the interests of marketing, large quantities of medical research violate not just publication norms but also research ethics. Much of this research involves human subjects, and yet is performed not primarily to increase knowledge for broad human benefit, but to disseminate results in the service of profits. Those who sponsor, manage, conduct, and publish such research therefore behave unethically, since they put patients at risk without justification. This leads us to a strong conclusion: if medical journals want to ensure that the research they publish is ethically sound, they should not publish articles that are commercially sponsored.

摘要

现在已经不是什么秘密了,有些科学论文是幽灵作者——也就是说,论文的署名作者并不是实际撰写论文的人。然而,幽灵作者只是幽灵写作的一种形式。在本文中,我们提供了证据表明,制药公司通过控制或影响科学论文的研究、撰写和发表的几个关键步骤,从事科学文献的幽灵管理。幽灵管理使制药行业能够以符合其利益的方式塑造文献。本文旨在加强和扩大出版伦理作为生物伦理学关注的一个重要领域。由于受管理的研究主要是出于营销的目的,大量的医学研究不仅违反了出版规范,也违反了研究伦理。其中许多研究涉及人类受试者,但并不是主要为了广泛的人类利益而增加知识,而是为了传播结果以服务于利润。那些赞助、管理、进行和发表此类研究的人因此行为不道德,因为他们毫无理由地将患者置于风险之中。这使我们得出一个强有力的结论:如果医学期刊想要确保他们发表的研究在伦理上是合理的,他们就不应该发表商业赞助的文章。

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