Kozol Robert A
Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33315, USA.
J Dev Biol. 2018 Nov 30;6(4):29. doi: 10.3390/jdb6040029.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping diagnostic behaviors and risk factors. These include embryonic exposure to teratogens and mutations in genes that have important functions prenatally. Animal models, including rodents and zebrafish, have been essential in delineating mechanisms of neuropathology and identifying developmental critical periods, when those mechanisms are most sensitive to disruption. This review focuses on how the developmentally accessible zebrafish is contributing to our understanding of prenatal pathologies that set the stage for later ASD-ID behavioral deficits. We discuss the known factors that contribute prenatally to ASD-ID and the recent use of zebrafish to model deficits in brain morphogenesis and circuit development. We conclude by suggesting that a future challenge in zebrafish ASD-ID modeling will be to bridge prenatal anatomical and physiological pathologies to behavioral deficits later in life.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和智力残疾（ID）是具有重叠诊断行为和风险因素的神经发育障碍。这些因素包括胚胎期接触致畸剂以及在产前具有重要功能的基因突变。包括啮齿动物和斑马鱼在内的动物模型，对于描绘神经病理学机制和确定发育关键期（即这些机制对破坏最敏感的时期）至关重要。本综述重点关注发育上易于研究的斑马鱼如何有助于我们理解为后期ASD-ID行为缺陷奠定基础的产前病理学。我们讨论了产前导致ASD-ID的已知因素，以及最近使用斑马鱼对脑形态发生和神经回路发育缺陷进行建模的情况。我们最后提出，斑马鱼ASD-ID建模未来面临的一个挑战将是把产前解剖学和生理学病理学与生命后期的行为缺陷联系起来。
