College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Center for Autism & Related Disabilities and Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 2;10(12):1867. doi: 10.3390/nu10121867.
This study was a cross-sectional study to examine problematic mealtime behaviors among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Florida. Forty-one parents completed a 48-item survey. The mean age of their children was 8.1 years and 73% were male. The data were divided and compared by age group: Ages 2⁻6, 7⁻11, and 12⁻17. Data from the 3- to 6-year-old children were extracted and compared with the references from Provost et al. (2010). There were age differences in eating difficulties at home ( = 0.013), fast food restaurants ( = 0.005), and at regular restaurants ( = 0.016). The total mealtime behavior score was significantly higher in early childhood ( < 0.001) and mid-childhood ( = 0.005) than adolescents. More parents of ages 3⁻6 with ASD reported difficulties with breastfeeding ( < 0.01); concerns about eating ( < 0.001); difficulties related to mealtime locations ( < 0.05), craving certain food ( < 0.05), and being picky eaters ( < 0.01) compared to typically developing children. The total mealtime behavior score was significantly higher in children with ASD than typically developing children ( < 0.001). The results indicate that early childhood interventions are warranted and further research in adolescents is needed.
本研究采用横断面研究方法，考察佛罗里达州自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的不良进餐行为。41 名家长完成了一份包含 48 个项目的问卷。他们孩子的平均年龄为 8.1 岁，73%为男性。将数据按年龄组进行划分和比较：2-6 岁、7-11 岁和 12-17 岁。将 3-6 岁儿童的数据与 Provost 等人（2010 年）的参考文献进行了对比。在家庭就餐、快餐店就餐和普通餐厅就餐方面，存在年龄差异（ = 0.013）、快餐店就餐（ = 0.005）和普通餐厅就餐（ = 0.016）。幼儿期（ < 0.001）和儿童中期（ = 0.005）的整体进餐行为评分明显高于青少年期。更多 3-6 岁 ASD 儿童的家长报告在母乳喂养方面存在困难（ < 0.01）；对进食的担忧（ < 0.001）；与就餐地点有关的困难（ < 0.05）、渴望特定食物（ < 0.05）和挑食（ < 0.01）。与正常发育儿童相比，ASD 儿童的整体进餐行为评分明显更高（ < 0.001）。结果表明，有必要对幼儿进行早期干预，并需要对青少年进行进一步研究。
