Bogusławska-Wąs Elżbieta, Dłubała Alicja, Laskowska Maria
Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieza Pawla VI 3, 71-450, Szczecin, Poland.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2019 Apr;45(2):511-521. doi: 10.1007/s10695-018-0591-0. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Defense mechanisms of fish are investigated in many aspects. One of the most interesting systems is that based on non-specific immune factors whose mechanisms of biocontrol have evolved in complex processes of microbiological co-existence. The wild fish devoid of probiotic stimulation have developed their own system to control the biosynthesis of immunostimulating compounds based on commensal microflora. Results of this study demonstrated the gastrointestinal tract (GI) of wild fish (Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus, Perca fluviatilis) was colonized by permanently residing strains of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The genetic profile of the tested strains (PCR-random amplification of polymorphic DNA) indicated their affinity only to the GI of the analyzed fish. The capability for biosynthesis of β-carotene, torulene, torularhodin, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) under conditions of fish gastrointestinal tract was found to be a strain-specific trait. Rhodotorula spp. interactions with fish should be considered as a mechanism of symbiotic relations based on the stimulation of non-specific mechanisms of fish immunoprotection and antioxidative properties of yeast.
鱼类的防御机制在许多方面都有研究。最有趣的系统之一是基于非特异性免疫因子的系统，其生物控制机制在微生物共存的复杂过程中不断进化。缺乏益生菌刺激的野生鱼类已经发展出自己的系统，以控制基于共生微生物群的免疫刺激化合物的生物合成。这项研究的结果表明，野生鱼类（欧洲鳊、赤梢鱼、河鲈）的胃肠道被粘红酵母的常驻菌株定殖。测试菌株的基因图谱（PCR-随机扩增多态性DNA）表明它们仅与所分析鱼类的胃肠道有亲和力。在鱼类胃肠道条件下生物合成β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、红酵母红素和胞外多糖（EPS）的能力是菌株特异性特征。红酵母属与鱼类的相互作用应被视为一种共生关系机制，这种关系基于对鱼类免疫保护非特异性机制的刺激以及酵母的抗氧化特性。
