气道过敏的一级预防
Primary Prevention of Airway Allergy.
作者信息
Wikstén Johanna, Toppila-Salmi Sanna, Mäkelä Mika
机构信息
1Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Meilahdentie 2, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
2Haartman Institute, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
出版信息
Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2018;5(4):347-355. doi: 10.1007/s40521-018-0190-4. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this paper is to review and summarize the current knowledge of prevention of airway allergy.
RECENT FINDINGS
Allergic rhinitis and asthma are allergic airway diseases. Due to their increasing incidence and socioeconomic burden, allergic airway diseases have recently gained attention worldwide. The primary prevention of allergic airway diseases focuses on offspring's gestational and childhood environment, such as maternal smoking and diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding as well as exposure to environmental microbes and irritants.
SUMMARY
Asthma and allergic rhinitis are a major public health problem worldwide. They have increasing prevalence and thus attempts to their prevention are mandatory. Rapid action needs to be taken to restrain smoking among children and adolescents in order to prevent burden of allergic airway diseases. Exposure to pollution and environmental issues concerning hygiene and lifestyle would also need to be actively addressed. More evidence is still needed in order to draw linings concerning maternal diet and other factors during the offspring's whole life span.
综述目的
本文旨在回顾和总结当前预防气道过敏的相关知识。
最新研究结果
过敏性鼻炎和哮喘均为变应性气道疾病。由于其发病率不断上升且带来社会经济负担，变应性气道疾病近来在全球范围内受到关注。变应性气道疾病的一级预防主要关注子代的孕期和童年环境，如母亲孕期吸烟、孕期及哺乳期饮食以及接触环境微生物和刺激物。
总结
哮喘和过敏性鼻炎是全球范围内的主要公共卫生问题。它们的患病率不断上升，因此必须采取措施进行预防。需要迅速采取行动限制儿童和青少年吸烟，以预防变应性气道疾病的负担。还需要积极应对接触污染以及与卫生和生活方式有关的环境问题。为了明确子代整个生命周期中母亲饮食及其他因素的影响，仍需要更多证据。
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