Filipp Mallory E, Travis Benjamin J, Henry Stefanie S, Idzikowski Emma C, Magnuson Sarah A, Loh Megan Yf, Hellenbrand Daniel J, Hanna Amgad S
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Neural Regen Res. 2019 Jan;14(1):7-19. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.243694.
Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed.
大鼠一直是研究脊髓损伤后恢复过程及潜在机制的主要模型。严重脊髓挫伤两周后，通过巴索、贝蒂和布雷斯纳汉运动量表评估，大鼠无需治疗干预就能恢复负重能力。然而，许多人类患者在脊髓损伤后会出现永久性运动功能丧失。虽然大鼠是研究得最为透彻的动物模型，但需要考虑四足动物和两足动物在感觉运动通路方面的主要差异。了解大鼠、非人灵长类动物和人类感觉运动通路之间的主要差异是改善人类脊髓损伤治疗靶点的开端。本综述将讨论大鼠、非人灵长类动物和人类脊髓损伤后脑和脊髓的神经可塑性。还将简要概述在脊髓损伤人类患者中诱导可塑性的新兴干预措施。
