Dinleyici Meltem, Aydemir Ozge, Yildirim Gonca Kilic, Kaya Tugba Barsan, Carman Kursat Bora
Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Pediatrics, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2018 Oct;39(4):325-330.
Zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are toxic fungal secondary metabolites, found mainly in contaminated food, that are associated with serious health problems. It is important to identify undesirable toxins and metabolites that may be present in human milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate human milk ZEA and DON levels, total daily intake of ZEA and DON; and their possible relationship with maternal dietary habits.
We enrolled 90 lactating mothers who had 7- to 90-day-old babies. A dietary questionnaire was completed by each of the mothers. Human milk samples were obtained from 90 mothers, and human milk ZEA and DON levels were evaluated with the solid-phase direct enzyme immunoassay. The total daily intake (TDI) was calculated for the 63 exclusively breastfed infants.
ZEA was detected in all human milk samples; median was 173.8 ng/L (35.7-682 ng/L). The calculated median TDI for ZEA was 33.0 ng/kg body weight (bw) (10.4-120.5 ng/kg) among exclusively breast-fed infants, none of them had a TDI that was above the previously defined threshold levels. Human milk ZEA levels were associated with the maternal consumption of meat, fish, dry fig, dried apricot, flaked red spice and spice. The median DON levels was 3924 ng/L (400-14997 ng/L). The median TDI of DON was 750 ng/kg (240-2774 ng/kg) among exclusively breastfed infants and 36% out of them, the TDI for DON was above the previously defined threshold level. Human milk DON levels were associated with the maternal meat consumption.
Our findings are indicative of dietary exposure to mycotoxins during the pregnancy and lactation periods in nursing mothers. Further, the excessive TDI values for DON observed in 36% of the exclusively breastfed infants point to the need for further regulations and recommendations on the dietary habits of pregnant/nursing mothers in order to avoid exposure to potential mycotoxins.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是有毒的真菌次生代谢产物，主要存在于受污染的食物中，与严重的健康问题相关。识别母乳中可能存在的不良毒素和代谢产物很重要。本研究的目的是评估母乳中ZEA和DON的水平、ZEA和DON的每日总摄入量；以及它们与母亲饮食习惯的可能关系。
我们招募了90名有7至90日龄婴儿的哺乳期母亲。每位母亲都完成了一份饮食问卷。从90名母亲那里采集了母乳样本，并用固相直接酶免疫测定法评估母乳中ZEA和DON的水平。计算了63名纯母乳喂养婴儿的每日总摄入量（TDI）。
在所有母乳样本中均检测到ZEA；中位数为173.8 ng/L（35.7 - 682 ng/L）。在纯母乳喂养婴儿中，计算出的ZEA的中位数TDI为33.0 ng/kg体重（bw）（10.4 - 120.5 ng/kg），他们中没有一个人的TDI超过先前定义的阈值水平。母乳中ZEA的水平与母亲食用肉类、鱼类、干无花果、杏干、片状红辣椒和香料有关。DON的中位数水平为3924 ng/L（400 - 14997 ng/L）。在纯母乳喂养婴儿中，DON的中位数TDI为750 ng/kg（240 - 2774 ng/kg），其中36%的婴儿DON的TDI超过了先前定义的阈值水平。母乳中DON的水平与母亲食用肉类有关。
我们的研究结果表明，哺乳期母亲在怀孕和哺乳期间通过饮食接触到了霉菌毒素。此外，在36%的纯母乳喂养婴儿中观察到DON的TDI值过高，这表明需要对孕妇/哺乳期母亲的饮食习惯制定进一步的规定和建议，以避免接触潜在的霉菌毒素。
